TLR9 (Toll Like Receptor 9, Toll-like Receptor 9, TLR 9, TLR-9, CD289, UNQ5798/PRO19605)

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, named for the closely related Toll receptor in Drosophila, play a pivotal role in innate immune responses (1-3). TLRs recognize conserved motifs found in various pathogens and mediate defense responses. Triggering of the TLR pathway leads to the activation of NF-kB and subsequent regulation of immune and inflammatory genes. The TLRs and members of the IL-1 receptor family share a conserved stretch of approximately 200 amino acids known as the TIR domain. Upon activation, TLRs associate with a number of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins containing TIR domains including MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor), MAL/TIRAP (MyD88-adaptor-like/TIR-associated protein), TRIF (Toll-receptor-associated activator of interferon), and TRAM (Toll-receptor-associated molecule). This association leads to the recruitment and activation of IRAK1 and IRAK4, which form a complex with TRAF6 to activate TAK1 and IKK. Activation of IKK leads to the degradation of IkB that normally maintains NF-kB inactivity by sequestering it in the cytoplasm. TLR9 is highly expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes, and in humans has five isoforms generated by alternative splicing (4,5). TLR9 binds to unmethylated CpG motifs present on bacterial DNA and stimulates NF-kB via the MyD88 adaptor protein (6-8). In contrast to most TLR family members that are localized to the plasma membrane, TLR9 is an intracellular receptor localized to the ER in resting cells (9). Upon binding to CpG DNA, TLR9 is proteolytically processed and translocates to endo-lysosomal compartments where it binds MyD88, initiating downstream signaling (10-12).\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nWestern Blot: 1:1000\nImmunoprecipitation: 1:100\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

T8050-93D

Size

100ul

Applications

IP, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a liquid in 10mM sodium HEPES, pH 7.5, 150mM sodium chloride, 100ug/ml BSA, <0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Supernatant

Isotype

IgG

References

1.Akira, S. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 38105-8. 2.Beutler, B. (2004) Nature 430, 257-63. 3.Dunne, A. and O'Neill, L.A. (2003) Sci STKE 2003, re3. 4.Du, X. et al. (2000) Eur Cytokine Netw 11, 362-71. 5.Chuang, T.H. and Ulevitch, R.J. (2000) Eur Cytokine Netw 11, 372-8. 6.Hemmi, H. et al. (2000) Nature 408, 740-5. 7.Bauer, S. et al. (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 9237-42. 8.Takeshita, F. et al. (2001) J Immunol 167, 3555-8. 9.Latz, E. et al. (2004) Nat Immunol 5, 190-8. 10.Park, B. et al. (2008) Nat Immunol 9, 1407-14. 11.Ewald, S.E. et al. (2008) Nature 456, 658-62. 12.Sepulveda, F.E. et al. (2009) Immunity 31, 737-48.

Additional Info

Recognizes endogenous levels of total human TLR9.