Top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) is highly effective for comprehensive analysis of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) because it evaluates intact proteins or peptides without requiring hydrolysis. This method is particularly valuable in the analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, where it preserves many unstable modifications that are often lost during collision-induced dissociation (CID) cleavage in shotgun approaches.