Activation of NF-kB as a result of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1 receptor signaling is a major component of innate immune responses. Signals from these receptors are relayed by a number of adapter molecules such as TRIF, TIRAP, and MyD88. Several regulatory mechanisms exist to control TLR signal transduction, including the inhibition of TLR expression and signaling by molecules such as ST2 and SIGIRR. Another mechanism is by the ubiquitinization of selected TLRs by TRIAD3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. TRIAD3A is a RING finger protein that can bind to TLR4 and TLR9, and to a lesser extent TLR3 and TLR5, catalyzing the ubiquitization of these molecules. Overexpression of TRIAD3A promoted the nearly complete degradation of TLR4 and TLR9; this reduction was reflected in the decreased signal-specific activation by ligands specific for these TLRs. Conversely, depletion of TRIAD3A resulted in enhanced TLR activation.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Western Blot: 1-3ug/ml
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin fixed paraffin embedded): 5ug/ml
5ug/ml Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
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