Trypsinogen (HRP)

Trypsinogen (EC 3.4.23.18/20/21/23/24/26) is the precursor form or zymogen of the pancreatic enzyme trypsin. It is found in pancreatic juice, along with amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsinogen. It is activated by enteropeptidase, which is found in the intestinal mucosa, to form trypsin. Once activated, the trypsin can activate more trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine. Trypsinogen, as a precursor of trypsin, functions as storage of an inactive form of trypsin so that it may be kept in pancreas and released in significant amount when required for protein digestion. Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase. Enterokinase is produced by the mucosa of duodenum and it cleaves the peptide bond of trypsinogen after residue 15 which is a lysine. The N-terminal peptide is discarded, and a slight rearrangement of the folded protein occurs. The newly-formed N-terminal residue (residue 16) insert into a cleft where its a-amino group forms an ion pair with the aspartate near the active site serine, and results in the conformational rearrangement of other residues. The amino group of Gly 193 orientates itself into the correct position which completes the oxyanion hole in active site, thereby activating the protein.[1] Since trypsin also cleaves the peptide bond after an arginine or a lysine, it can cleave other trypsinogen, and the activation process therefore becomes autocatalytic. \n\nTrypsin is produced, stored and released as the inactive trypsiongen to ensure that the protein is only activated in the appropriate location. Premature trypsin activation can be destructive and may trigger a series of events that lead to pancreatic self-digestion. In normal pancreas, around 5% of trypsinogens are thought to get activated, therefore there are a number of defenses against such inappropriate activation. Trypsinogen is stored in intracellular vesicles in the pancreas called zymogen granules whose membranous walls are thought to be resistant to enzymatic degradation. A further safeguard against inappropriate trypsin activation is the presence of inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) which binds to any trypsin formed. Trypsin autocatalytic activation of trypsinogen is also a slow process due to the presence of a large negative charge on the conserved N-terminal hexapeptide of trypsinogen which repels the aspartate on the back of trypsin's specificity pocket.[2] Trypsin may also inactivate other trypsin by cleavage.\n\nGeneName: PRSS2\nNCBI - AAI42037.1\nUniProt - Q29463\nGene ID - 282603\n\nApplication(s): suitable for immunoblotting (western or dot blot), ELISA, immunoperoxidase electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry as well as other peroxidase-antibody based enzymatic assays.\n\nRecommended Dilution: \nELISA: 1:1000 to 1:40,000. Standard capture ELISA using ABTS as a substrate for 30 min. at RT.\nWestern Blot: 1:1000-1:5000\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. \n\nStorage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and add glycerol (40-50%). Freeze at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

T8690-20

Size

100ug

Applications

ELISA, IHC, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Reactivities

Bov

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder in PBS, pH 7.2, BSA, 0.01% gentamicin sulfate. Reconstitute with deionized water. Do not add Sodium Azide.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Puri?ed from monospeci?c antiserum by delipidation, fractionation and ion exchange chromatography.

Isotype

IgG

References

1. Thomas E Creighton (1993). Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties (2nd ed.). W H Freeman and Company. pp. 434. ISBN 0-7167-2317-4.\n2. Voet & Voet (1995). Biochemisty (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 399-400. ISBN 0-471-58651-X.\n3. Scheele G, Bartelt D, Bieger W (March 1981). \"Characterization of human exocrine pancreatic proteins by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis\". Gastroenterology 80 (3): 461-73. PMID 6969677.\n4. Whitcomb DC, Gorry MC, Preston RA, Furey W, Sossenheimer MJ, Ulrich CD, Martin SP, Gates LK Jr, Amann ST, Toskes PP, Liddle R, McGrath K, Uomo G, Post JC, Ehrlich GD (1996). \"Hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene\". Nature Genetics14 (2): 141-5. doi:10.1038/ng1096-141. PMID 8841182.\n5. Rebours V, L

Additional Info

Assay by immunoelectrophoresis resulted in a single precipitin arc against anti-peroxidase, anti-rabbit serum as well as puri?ed and partially puri?ed Trypsinogen (bovine pancreas).