Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF a, TNFa, TNF-a, APC1, Cachectin, Differentiation Inducing Factor, DIF, Macrophage Cytotoxic Factor, MCF, Necrosin, TNF Macrophage-derived, TNF Monocyte-derived, Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2, TNF Superf

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumour bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five noncovalently linked units, but shows a single 17kD band following SDS PAGE under non reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25kD protein Tumour Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis or cytostasis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Immunohistochemistry and Functional assays. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilutions:\nFunctional Assays: Inhibits the biological activity of recombinant and natural TNF alpha.\nImmunohistochemistry (paraffin): 1:10-1:2000\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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