Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a 17.4kD multi-functional pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily secreted by macrophages, but it is also produced by T and B lymphocytes, activated monocytes and fibroblasts. TNF-alpha exists in both a transmembrane and mature soluble form and has many biological properties, including activation of transcription factor NF-?B, the induction of apoptosis in various tumor cell lines and the stimulation of cell differentiation and proliferation under certain conditions. Studies have revealed a role for TNF-alpha in inflammation, septic shock, autoimmune disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
Applications:
Suitable for use in ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Functional Assays and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
ELISA: 0.25-1ug/ml
Western Blot: 0.1-0.2ug/ml
Immunohistochemistry (paraffin): 2.5-5ug/ml Requires antigen retrieval using heat treatment prior to staining paraffin sections. Use sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.0.
Functional assays: 0.012-0.014ug/ml
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Immunohistochemistry Positive Control:
Human Breast Carcinoma
Storage and Stability:
Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
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