Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), also known as two-dimensional electrophoresis, is a powerful and widely used method. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combines isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE. First, proteins are separated by their isoelectric point (pI) in isoelectric focusing, and then by SDS-PAGE based on molecular weight. Each protein spot on the two-dimensional gel can be eluted and identified by high-throughput mass spectrometry.