Tyrosinase (TYR)

Tyrosinase (Tyr) is a trans-membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the type 3 copper protein family (Yin, 2011). It plays a key role in the melanosynthetic pathway and is required for the synthesis of both types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin (Hu, 2011). Tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme catalyzing the first two steps in the melanin biosynthesis, converting tyrosine to L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) and subsequently to DOPAquinone (K, 2013). The pigmentation of skin, the browning of vegetables, wound healing and cuticle formation in insects are some of the major responsibilities performed by tyrosinase (Yin, 2011). This melanocyte-specific enzyme is localized to the post-Golgi compartment termed the melanosome (Francis, 2003). Tyrosinase consists of 533 amino acids along with 7 occupied N-glycosylation sites, 17 cysteine residues grouped in 2 cysteine-rich domains, 2 copper binding domains, and 1 C-terminal TMD (Popescu, 2006). It folds in the ER and is transported to the trans-Golgi network where two copper ions are incorporated and performs different catalytic reactions such as the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (cresolase activity) and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones (catechol oxidase activity) (Yin, 2011) . From here it continues its journey to the melanosomes where it initiates the melanin synthesis. This protein is related with severe skin diseases such as type 1 albinism and melanoma and an important target for anti-melanoma vaccine therapies (Popescu, 2006 and Han, 2007). Anti-tyrosinase antibodies may be applied for immunotherapy in patients with malignant melanoma (Merimsky, 1998). Tyrosinase has been shown to be a very specific marker for melanomas, not cross reacting with any other tumors or normal tissues tested.\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nImmunohistochemistry(Paraffin): 1:200-1:400. High temperature treatment of formalin-fixed tissue sections using 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0 must be performed prior to the immunostaining. \nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

138600

Size

20ug

Applications

ICC, IF, IHC, WB

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, 0.05% BSA, 0.05% sodium azide.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG2a,k

References

1. Popescu CI, Mares A, Zdrentu L, Zitzmann N, Dwek RA, Petrescu SM. Productive folding of tyrosinase ectodomain is controlled by the transmembrane anchor. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 4;281(31):21682-9. Epub 2006 May 31. PMID: 16737954 2. Han HY, Lee JR, Xu WA, Hahn MJ, Yang JM, Park YD. Effect of Cl- on tyrosinase: complex inhibition kinetics and biochemical implication. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2007 Oct;25(2):165-71. PMID: 17718595 3. Merimsky O, Shoenfeld Y, Fishman P. The clinical significance of antityrosinase antibodies in melanoma and related hypopigmentary lesions. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 1998 Fall;16(3):227-36. Review. PMID: 9773250 4. Francis E, Wang N, Parag H, Halaban R, Hebert DN. Tyrosinase maturation and oligomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum require a melanocyte-specific factor. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 11;278(28):25607-17. Epub 2003 Apr 30. PMID: 12724309 5. Hu HH, Guedj M, Descamps V, Jouary T, Bourillon A, Ezzedine K, Taieb A, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Saiag P, Grandchamp B, Basset-Seguin N, Soufir N. Assessment of tyrosinase variants and skin cancer risk in a large cohort of French subjects. J Dermatol Sci. 2011 Nov;64(2):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Aug 22. PMID: 21906913 6. Yin SJ, Si YX, Wang ZJ, Wang SF, Oh S, Lee S, Sim SM, Yang JM, Qian GY, Lee J, Park YD. The effect of thiobarbituric acid on tyrosinase: inhibition kinetics and computational simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2011 Dec;29(3):463-70. PMID: 22066533 7. K B, Purohit R. Mutational analysis of TYR gene and its structural consequences in OCA1A. Gene. 2013 Jan 15;513(1):184-95. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.128. Epub 2012 Oct 22. PMID: 23085273

Additional Info

Recognizes human tyrosinase, 70-80kD. Does not cross-react with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein-1, TRP-1/gp75. Staining of melanomas showed tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants.