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AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is a 57 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase. There are three mammalian isoforms of Akt: AKT1 (PKB alpha), AKT2...
Integrins are heterodimers composed of noncovalently associated transmembrane a and b subunits. The 16 a and 8 b subunits heterodimerize to produce more than...
Distinct DNA repair pathways minimize the consequences of mutagenic events. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive atoms with an unpaired electron...
Dab1, a homolog of the Drosophila Disabled protein, is an adaptor protein involved in neural development. This cytoplasmic protein is tyrosine-phosphorylated...
The synuclein family members, including alpha-synuclein (also designated NACP for non-beta Amyloid component) and beta-synuclein, are predominantly expressed...
In the intact cell, DNA closely associates with histones and other nuclear proteins to form chromatin. The remodeling of chromatin is believed to be a...
NOS is classified under three types: neuronal NOS (nNOS) or brain NOS (bNOS); inducible NOS (iNOS) or macrophage NOS (mNOS); and endothelial NOS (eNOS).eNOS...
MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinases play a significant role in many biological processes, including cell adhesion and spreading, cell differentiation and...
Src is the human homolog of the v-Src gene of the Rous sarcoma virus, also called avian sarcoma virus or ASV. Src was the first proto-oncogenic non-receptor...
IRS-1, a major substrate of the insulin receptor, is phosphorylated in response to stimulation of cells by insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and...
Protein Kinase C delta (PKC delta) is a 78 kDa member of the novel group (nPKCs: sensitive to diacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phorbol esters) of the...
The activation of signal transduction pathways by growth factors, hormones and neurotransmitters is mediated through two closely related MAP kinases, p44 and...
Focal adhesion kinase was initially identified as a major 125 kDa substrate for the intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity of Src-encoded pp60. The...
Jak2 (Janus Kinase 2) belongs to the emerging family of non-receptor janus tyrosine kinases, which regulate a spectrum of cellular functions downstream of...
IRF-3 can inhibit cell growth and plays a critical role in controlling the expression of genes in the innate immune response. In unstimulated cells, IRF-3 is...
The Snail family of developmental regulatory proteins is a group of widely conserved zinc-finger proteins that regulate transcription and include the...
The enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3 kinase) is a lipid kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-triphosphate in response to receptor...
The heredity disease chronic granulomatous disease (CGF) has been linked to mutations in p47-phox and p67-phox. The cytosolic proteins p47-phox and p67-phox,...
Activation of NFkB requires that IkB be phosphorylated on specific serine residues, which results in targeted degradation of IkB. IkB kinase alpha...
The NF-kB/Rel transcription factors are present in the cytosol in an inactive state, complexed with the inhibitory IkB proteins. Most agents that activate...
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