CCR5 (Chemokine Receptor 5, CC-CKR-5, CD195)

Chemokines have been sub-divided into families on the basis of the relative position of their cysteine residues. The alpha and beta families, with four cysteine residues, are the largest and best characterized. In the alpha family, one amino acid separates the first two cysteine residues (CXC); in the beta family the two cysteine residues (CC) are adjacent to each other. The alpha chemokines that contain the N-terminal Glu-Leu-Arg amino acid sequence (ELR-motif) are chemotactic for neutrophils (such as IL8), while those that do not, act on lymphocytes (such as IP10 and MIG). Examples of chemokines under the beta family category are MCP1-5 and RANTES. The chemokine lymphotactin belongs to the gamma family, with only two cysteines (C), and the recently described fractalkine or neurotactin is a member of the delta family and has the first two cysteine residues separated by three amino-acids (CXXXC). Chemokines bind to specific G protein-coupled cell surface receptors on target cells. Five CXC receptors (CXCR1-5), nine CC receptors (CCR1-9) and one CXXXC receptor (CX3CR1) have been cloned to date. Expression of chemokine receptors can be restricted to some cell types (CXCR1 is expressed in neutrophils) while others (such as CCR2) are expressed in a wide variety of cells. Receptor expression has also been found to be constitutive (including down regulation), inducible or restricted to a cell state of activation. In addition, some chemokine receptors are also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, such as nerve, endothelial and epithelial cells. This suggests that chemokines have other roles besides leukocyte chemotaxis. CX3CR1, for example, is highly expressed in adult brain. Chemokine receptors are linked to phospholipases through the Gi class of G proteins (inhibition by pertussis toxin). Receptor activation leads to a cascade of cellular events including generation of inositol triphosphate, calcium release and activation of protein kinase C. Chemokine receptors also activate small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras and Rho families, the latter being involved in cell motility events. In addition, chemokines bind to non-signaling molecules such as the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) which may act to remove chemokines from the circulation, and heparan sulfates proteoglycans which may serve to establish an ECM concentration gradient. CCR5 has 48-75% amino acid sequence identity to earlier identified CC receptors. It is expressed in primary adherent monocytes, but not in neutrophils or eosinophils. CCR5 mediates the activities of MIP1a, MIP1b and RANTES. Recently, it has also been shown to be a co-receptor on CD4+ target cells for infection with primary, monocyte-tropic HIV1 viruses.\n\nCellular Localization: Plasma membrane\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nImmunohistochemistry: 5ug/ml for 2% formaldehyde-fixed cells\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

C2099-69B

Size

100ug

Applications

FC, IHC

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS containing 5% Trehalose

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG2b

References

Wells TN et al. Definition, function and pathophysiological significance of chemokine receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 19:376-80 (1998). <PUBMED:9786026>Combadiere C et al. Cloning and functional expression of CC CKR5, a human monocyte CC chemokine receptor selective for MIP-1(alpha), MIP-1(beta), and RANTES. J Leukoc Biol 60:147-52 (1996). <PUBMED:8699119>Combadiere C et al. Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem 270:16491-4 (1995). <PUBMED:7622448>

Additional Info

Human CCR5 reacts with CCR5 transfected cells and not the parent cell line by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. It detects CCR5 present on stimulated human PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) only after the cells are fixed with 2% formaldehyde. The antibody does not detect CCR5 on unfixed human PBMCs. The antibody shows no crossreactivity with CCR1, CCR2, or CCR3. Species Crossreactivity: Crossreacts with Human.

Alternative Names

CCR-5, CCR5, C-C CKR-5, CC-CKR-5, HIV-1 fusion coreceptor, CHEMR13, CD195 antigen, CMKBR5