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Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J, Apo J)

Cat no: C5870-01K


Supplier: United States Biological
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Clusterin is a 75-80 kD disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein containing about 30% of N-linked carbohydrate rich in sialic acid, but truncated forms targeted to the nucleus have also been identified. The precursor polypeptide chain is cleaved proteolytically to remove the 22-mer secretory signal peptide and subsequently between residues 227/228 to generate the alpha and beta chains. These are assembled anti-parallel to give a heterodimeric molecule in which the cysteine-rich centers are linked by five disulfide bridges and are flanked by two predicted coiled-coil alpha-helices and three predicted amphipathic alpha-helices. The six sites of N-linked glycosylation are indicated as yellow spots. Across a broad range of species clusterin shows 70% to 80% of sequence homology. It is ubiquitously expressed in most mammalian tissues and can be found in plasma, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and semen. It is able to bind and form complexes with numerous partners such as immunoglobulins, lipids, heparin, bacteria, complement components, paraoxonase, beta amyloid, leptin and others. Clusterin has been ascribed a plethora of functions such as phagocyte recruitment, aggregation induction, complement attack prevention, apoptosis inhibition, membrane remodelling, lipid transport, hormone transport and/or scavenging, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. A detailed mechanism of clusterin has not been defined. One tempting hypothesis says that clusterin is an extracellular chaperone protecting cells from stress induced by degraded and misfolded protein precipitates.Clus-terin is up- or downregulated on the mRNA or protein level in many pathological and clinically relevant situations including cancer, organ regeneration, infection, Alzheimer disease, retinitis pigmentosa, myocardial infarction, renal tubular damage, autoimmunity and others. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western lot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stabillty: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
Catalogue number: C5870-01K
Reactivities: Rat, Rabbit
Hosts: Rat
Applications: ELISA, Western Blot
Size: 100ug
Form: Supplied as a lyophilized powder in PBS, pH 7.2. No preservative added. Reconstitute with 100ul sterile dH2O. Let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely.
P type: Pab
Isotype: IgG
Purity: Purified by Immunoaffinity chromatography .
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Purification and characterization of apolipoprotein J. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 25;265 (24):14292-7 6. Bettuzzi S, Troiano L, Davalli P, Tropea F, Ingletti MC, Grassilli E, Monti D, Corti A, Franceschi C. In vivo accumulation of sulfated glycoprotein 2 mRNA in rat thymocytes upon dexamethasone- induced cell death. Page 2 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Mar 29;175 (3):810-5 7. Burkey BF, deSilva HV, Harmony JA. Intracellular processing of apolipoprotein J precursor to the mature heterodimer. J Lipid Res. 1991 Jun;32 (6):1039-48 8. Connor J, Buttyan R, Olsson CA, D'Agati V, O'Toole K, Sawczuk IS. SGP-2 expression as a genetic marker of progressive cellular pathology in experimental hydronephrosis. Kidney Int. 1991 Jun;39 (6):1098-103 9. Eddy AA, Fritz IB. Localization of clusterin in the epimembranous deposits of passive Heymann nephritis. Kidney Int. 1991 Feb;39 (2):247-52 10. Rosenberg ME, Paller MS. Differential gene expression in the recovery from ischemic renal injury. Kidney Int. 1991 Jun;39 (6):1156-61 11. Sylvester SR, Morales C, Oko R, Griswold MD. Localization of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin) on spermatozoa and in the reproductive tract of the male rat. Biol Reprod. 1991 Jul;45 (1):195-207 12. Harding MA, Chadwick LJ, Gattone VH 2nd, Calvet JP. The SGP-2 gene is developmentally regulated in the mouse kidney and abnormally expressed in collecting duct cysts in polycystic kidney disease. Dev Biol. 1991 Aug;146 (2):483-90 13. Leibovitch I, Buttyan R. Sulfated glycoprotein-2 induced endogenous resistance to ischemia and reperfusion injury in the seminiferous tubules. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1991 Oct;26 (3):114-7 14. Grassilli E, Bettuzzi S, Monti D, Ingletti MC, Franceschi C, Corti A. Studies on the relationship between cell proliferation and cell death: opposite patterns of SGP-2 and ornithine decarboxylase mRNA accumulation in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180 (1):59-63 15. Aulitzky WK, Schlegel PN, Wu DF, Cheng CY, Chen CL, Li PS, Goldstein M, Reidenberg M, Bardin CW. Measurement of urinary clusterin as an index of nephrotoxicity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Jan;199 (1):93-6 16. Kirszbaum L, Bozas SE, Walker ID. SP-40,40, a protein involved in the control of the complement pathway, possesses a unique array of disulphide bridges. FEBS Lett. 1992 Feb 3;297 (1-2):70-6 17. Ledda-Columbano GM, Coni P, Faa G, Manenti G, Columbano A. Rapid induction of apoptosis in rat liver by cycloheximide. Am J Pathol. 1992 Mar;140 (3):545-9 18. Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH, Manivel JC, Eddy AA, Rosenberg ME. Intrarenal distribution of clusterin following reduction of renal mass. Kidney Int. 1992 Apr;41 (4):938-50 19. Cyr DG, Robaire B. Regulation of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin) messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat epididymis. Endocrinology. 1992 Apr;130 (4):2160-6 20. Kaynard AH, Periman LM, Simard J, Melner MH. Ovarian 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and sulfated glycoprotein-2 gene expression are differentially regulated by the induction of ovulation, pseudopregnancy, and luteolysis in the immature rat. Endocrinology. 1992 Apr;130 (4):2192-200 21. Schumer M, Colombel MC, Sawczuk IS, Gobe G, Connor J, O'Toole KM, Olsson CA, Wise GJ, Buttyan R. Morphologic, biochemical, and molecular evidence of apoptosis during the reperfusion phase after brief periods of renal ischemia. Am J Pathol. 1992 Apr;140 (4):831-8 22. Kangasniemi M, Cheng CY, Toppari J, Grima J, Stahler M, Bardin CW, Parvinen M. Basal and FSH- stimulated steady state levels of SGP-2, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and testibumin in culture media of rat seminiferous tubules at defined stages of the epithelial cycle. J Androl. 1992 May-Jun;13 (3):208-13 23. Mattmueller DR, Hinton BT. Clusterin (SGP-2) in epididymal luminal fluid and its association with epididymal spermatozoa in androgen-deprived rats. Mol Reprod Dev. 1992 May;32 (1):73-80 24. French LE, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Clusterin in renal tissue: preferential localization with the terminal complement complex and immunoglobulin deposits in glomeruli. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992 Jun;88 (3):389-93 25. Stuart WD, Krol B, Jenkins SH, Harmony JA. Structure and stability of apolipoprotein J- containing high-density lipoproteins. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 15;31 (36):8552-9 26. Burkey BF, Stuart WD, Harmony JA. Hepatic apolipoprotein J is secreted as a lipoprotein. J Lipid Res. 1992 Oct;33 (10):1517-26 Page 3 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) 27. Choi-Miura NH, Takahashi Y, Nakano Y, Tobe T, Tomita M. Identification of the disulfide bonds in human plasma protein SP-40,40 (apolipoprotein-J). J Biochem. 1992 Oct;112 (4):557-61 28. Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB. Clusterin binds by a multivalent mechanism to the Fc and Fab regions of IgG. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Oct 20;1159 (3):319-26 29. French LE, Sappino AP, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Distinct sites of production and deposition of the putative cell death marker clusterin in the human thymus. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90 (5):1919- 25 30. Pearse MJ, O'Bryan M, Fisicaro N, Rogers L, Murphy B, d'Apice AJ. Differential expression of clusterin in inducible models of apoptosis. Int Immunol. 1992 Nov;4 (11):1225-31 31. Schlegel PN, Matthews GJ, Cichon Z, Aulitzky WK, Cheng CY, Chen CL, Saso L, Goldstein M, Janne OA, Bardin CW, et al.. Clusterin production in the obstructed rabbit kidney: correlations with loss of renal function. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992 Nov;3 (5):1163-71 32. Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH, Nath KA, Manivel JC, Rosenberg ME. Interaction of complement and clusterin in renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992 Nov;3 (5):1172-9 33. Aronow BJ, Lund SD, Brown TL, Harmony JA, Witte DP. Apolipoprotein J expression at fluid- tissue interfaces: potential role in barrier cytoprotection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 15;90 (2):725-9 34. Carone FA, Jin H, Nakamura S, Kanwar YS. Decreased synthesis and delayed processing of sulfated glycoproteins by cells from human polycystic kidneys. Lab Invest. 1993 Apr;68 (4):413-8 35. Tschopp J, Jenne DE, Hertig S, Preissner KT, Morgenstern H, Sapino AP, French L. Human megakaryocytes express clusterin and package it without apolipoprotein A-1 into alpha- granules. Blood. 1993 Jul 1;82 (1):118-25 36. Witte DP, Aronow BJ, Stauderman ML, Stuart WD, Clay MA, Gruppo RA, Jenkins SH, Harmony JA. Platelet activation releases megakaryocyte-synthesized apolipoprotein J, a highly abundant protein in atheromatous lesions. Am J Pathol. 1993 Sep;143 (3):763-73 37. Vakeva A, Laurila P, Meri S. Co-deposition of clusterin with the complement membrane attack complex in myocardial infarction. Immunology. 1993 Oct;80 (2):177-82 38. Parczyk K, Pilarsky C, Rachel U, Koch-Brandt C. Gp80 (clusterin; TRPM-2) mRNA level is enhanced in human renal clear cell carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1994;120 (3):186-8 39. Kelso GJ, Stuart WD, Richter RJ, Furlong CE, Jordan-Starck TC, Harmony JA. Apolipoprotein J is associated with paraoxonase in human plasma. Biochemistry. 1994 Jan 25;33 (3):832-9 40. French LE, Wohlwend A, Sappino AP, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Human clusterin gene expression is confined to surviving cells during in vitro programmed cell death. J Clin Invest. 1994 Feb;93 (2):877-84 41. Jordan-Starck TC, Lund SD, Witte DP, Aronow BJ, Ley CA, Stuart WD, Swertfeger DK, Clayton LR, Sells SF, Paigen B, et al.. Mouse apolipoprotein J: characterization of a gene implicated in atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res. 1994 Feb;35 (2):194-210 42. Saunders JR, Aminian A, McRae JL, O'Farrell KA, Adam WR, Murphy BF. Clusterin depletion enhances immune glomerular injury in the isolated perfused kidney. Kidney Int. 1994 Mar;45 (3):817-27 43. Dvergsten J, Manivel JC, Correa-Rotter R, Rosenberg ME. Expression of clusterin in human renal diseases. Kidney Int. 1994 Mar;45 (3):828-35 44. Ide H, Yeldandi AV, Reddy JK, Rao MS. Increased expression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 and DNA fragmentation in the pancreas of copper-deficient rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 May;126 (1):174-7 45. French LE, Sappino AP, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Clusterin gene expression in the rat thymus is not modulated by dexamethasone treatment. Immunology. 1994 Jun;82 (2):328-31 46. Thomas-Salgar S, Millis AJ. Clusterin expression in differentiating smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 8;269 (27):17879-85 47. O'Bryan MK, Murphy BF, Liu DY, Clarke GN, Baker HW. The use of anticlusterin monoclonal antibodies for the combined assessment of human sperm morphology and acrosome integrity. Hum Reprod. 1994 Aug;9 (8):1490-6 Page 4 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) 48. Rosemblit N, Chen CL. Regulators for the rat clusterin gene: DNA methylation and cis-acting regulatory elements. J Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Aug;13 (1):69-76 49. Nath KA, Dvergsten J, Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH, Manivel JC, Rosenberg ME. Induction of clusterin in acute and chronic oxidative renal disease in the rat and its dissociation from cell injury. Lab Invest. 1994 Aug;71 (2):209-18 50. Hardardottir I, Kunitake ST, Moser AH, Doerrler WT, Rapp JH, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Endotoxin and cytokines increase hepatic messenger RNA levels and serum concentrations of apolipoprotein J (clusterin) in Syrian hamsters. J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94 (3):1304-9 51. Rosenberg ME, Manivel JC, Carone FA, Kanwar YS. Genesis of renal cysts is associated with clusterin expression in experimental cystic disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1995 Mar;5 (9):1669-74 52. Brown TL, Moulton BC, Baker VV, Mira J, Harmony JA. Expression of apolipoprotein J in the uterus is associated with tissue remodeling. Biol Reprod. 1995 May;52 (5):1038-49 53. Chung KH, Gomez RA, Chevalier RL. Regulation of renal growth factors and clusterin by AT1 receptors during neonatal ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol. 1995 Jun;268 (6 Pt 2):F1117-23 54. Sensibar JA, Sutkowski DM, Raffo A, Buttyan R, Griswold MD, Sylvester SR, Kozlowski JM, Lee C. Prevention of cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in LNCaP cells by overexpression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin). Cancer Res. 1995 Jun 1;55 (11):2431-7 55. Kounnas MZ, Loukinova EB, Stefansson S, Harmony JA, Brewer BH, Strickland DK, Argraves WS. Identification of glycoprotein 330 as an endocytic receptor for apolipoprotein J/clusterin. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 2;270 (22):13070-5 56. Rosenberg ME, Silkensen J. Clusterin: physiologic and pathophysiologic considerations. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1995 Jul;27 (7):633-45 57. Darby IA, Hewitson T, Jones C, Fraenkel MB, Becker G. Vascular expression of clusterin in experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Exp Nephrol. 1995 Jul-Aug;3 (4):234-9 58. Flach R, Cattaruzza M, Koch-Brandt C. Clusterin gene expression in apoptotic MDCK cells is dependent on the apoptosis-inducing stimulus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Sep 21;1268 (3):325-8 59. Baumgartner-Parzer SM, Wagner L, Pettermann M, Grillari J, Gessl A, Waldhausl W. High-glucose- triggered apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells. Diabetes. 1995 Nov;44 (11):1323-7 60. Koch-Brandt C, Morgans C. Clusterin: a role in cell survival in the face of apoptosis?. Prog Mol Subcell Biol. 1996;16:130-49 61. Hogasen K, Homann C, Mollnes TE, Graudal N, Hogasen AK, Hasselqvist P, Thomsen AC, Garred P. Serum clusterin and vitronectin in alcoholic cirrhosis. Liver. 1996 Apr;16 (2):140-6 62. Arai T, Kida Y, Harmon BV, Gobe GC. Expression and localization of clusterin mRNA in the small and large intestine of the irradiated rat: its relationship with apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol. 1996 May;69 (5):547-53 63. Reddy KB, Jin G, Karode MC, Harmony JA, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)-induced nuclear localization of apolipoprotein J/clusterin in epithelial cells. Biochemistry. 1996 May 14;35 (19):6157-63 64. Rosemblit N, Feng ZM, Chen CL. Analysis of the rat clusterin gene promoter and cyclic AMP- regulated mRNA stability in testicular cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Jun;16 (3):287-96 65. Kimura K, Yamamoto M. Modification of the alternative splicing process of testosterone- repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) gene by protein synthesis inhibitors and heat shock treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 3;1307 (1):83-8 66. Morales CR, Igdoura SA, Wosu UA, Boman J, Argraves WS. Low density lipoprotein receptor- related protein-2 expression in efferent duct and epididymal epithelia: evidence in rats for its in vivo role in endocytosis of apolipoprotein J/clusterin. Biol Reprod. 1996 Sep;55 (3):676-83 67. Chevalier RL, Chung KH, Smith CD, Ficenec M, Gomez RA. Renal apoptosis and clusterin following ureteral obstruction: the role of maturation. J Urol. 1996 Oct;156 (4):1474-9 68. Brown TL, Moulton BC, Witte DP, Swertfeger DK, Harmony JA. Apolipoprotein J/clusterin expression defines distinct stages of blastocyst implantation in the mouse uterus. Biol Reprod. 1996 Oct;55 (4):740-7 69. Partridge SR, Baker MS, Walker MJ, Wilson MR. Clusterin, a putative complement regulator, binds to the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Page 5 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) Infect Immun. 1996 Oct;64 (10):4324-9 70. Gutacker C, Flach R, Diel P, Klock G, Koch-Brandt C. Multiple signal transduction pathways regulate clusterin (gp 80) gene expression in MDCK cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Oct;17 (2):109- 19 71. Roeth PJ, Easterbrook-Smith SB. C1q is a nucleotide binding protein and is responsible for the ability of clusterin preparations to promote immune complex formation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Oct 17;1297 (2):159-66 72. Roeth PJ, Easterbrook-Smith SB. C1q is a nucleotide binding protein and is responsible for the ability of clusterin preparations to promote immune complex formation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Oct 17;1297 (2):159-66 73. Silkensen JR, Agarwal A, Nath KA, Manivel JC, Rosenberg ME. Temporal induction of clusterin in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Feb;8 (2):302-5 74. Navab M, Hama-Levy S, Van Lenten BJ, Fonarow GC, Cardinez CJ, Castellani LW, Brennan ML, Lusis AJ, Fogelman AM, La Du BN. Mildly oxidized LDL induces an increased apolipoprotein J/paraoxonase ratio. J Clin Invest. 1997 Apr 15;99 (8):2005-19 75. Laping NJ, Olson BA, Short B, Albrightson CR. Thrombin increases clusterin mRNA in glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Jun;8 (6):906-14 76. McDonald JF, Nelsestuen GL. Potent inhibition of terminal complement assembly by clusterin: characterization of its impact on C9 polymerization. Biochemistry. 1997 Jun 17;36 (24):7464-73 77. Mackness B, Hunt R, Durrington PN, Mackness MI. Increased immunolocalization of paraoxonase, clusterin, and apolipoprotein A-I in the human artery wall with the progression of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Jul;17 (7):1233-8 78. Jin G, Howe PH. Regulation of clusterin gene expression by transforming growth factor beta. J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 17;272 (42):26620-6 79. Kapron JT, Hilliard GM, Lakins JN, Tenniswood MP, West KA, Carr SA, Crabb JW. Identification and characterization of glycosylation sites in human serum clusterin. Protein Sci. 1997 Oct;6 (10):2120-33 80. Lee M, Hwang I, Choi Y, Paik S, Lee HB, Baik M. EGF inhibits expression of WDNM1 and sulfated glycoprotein-2 genes in mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Nov 7;240 (1):104-7 81. Kimura K, Asami K, Yamamoto M. Effect of heat shock treatment on the production of variant testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) mRNA in culture cells. Cell Biochem Funct. 1997 Dec;15 (4):251-7 82. Michel D, Chatelain G, North S, Brun G. Stress-induced transcription of the clusterin/apoJ gene. Biochem J. 1997 Nov 15;328 ( Pt 1):45-50 83. Humphreys D, Hochgrebe TT, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Tenniswood MP, Wilson MR. Effects of clusterin overexpression on TNFalpha- and TGFbeta-mediated death of L929 cells. Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 9;36 (49):15233-43 84. Pampfer S, Vanderheyden I, McCracken JE, Vesela J, De Hertogh R. Increased cell death in rat blastocysts exposed to maternal diabetes in utero and to high glucose or tumor necrosis factor- alpha in vitro. Development. 1997 Dec;124 (23):4827-36 85. Correa-Rotter R, Ibarra-Rubio ME, Schwochau G, Cruz C, Silkensen JR, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Chmielewski D, Rosenberg ME. Induction of clusterin in tubules of nephrotic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998 Jan;9 (1):33-7 86. Laping NJ, Olson BA, Day JR, Brickson BM, Contino LC, Short BG, Ali SM, Brooks DP. The age- related increase in renal clusterin mRNA is accelerated in obese Zucker rats. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998 Jan;9 (1):38-45 87. Cuida M, Legler DW, Eidsheim M, Jonsson R. Complement regulatory proteins in the salivary glands and saliva of Sjogren's syndrome patients and healthy subjects. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1997 Nov-Dec;15 (6):615-23 88. Silkensen JR, Hirsch AT, Lunzer MM, Chmielewski D, Manivel JC, Muellerleile MR, Rosenberg ME. Temporal induction of clusterin in the peri-infarct zone after experimental myocardial infarction in the rat. Page 6 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) J Lab Clin Med. 1998 Jan;131 (1):28-35 89. Izawa M. Identification of a transcript predicting an alternative form of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin) in rat tissues. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1998 Jan;44 (1):9-18 90. Moll S, Menoud PA, French L, Sappino AP, Pastore Y, Schifferli JA, Izui S. Tubular up-regulation of clusterin mRNA in murine lupus-like nephritis. Am J Pathol. 1998 Apr;152 (4):953-62 91. Gaemers IC, Van Pelt AM, Themmen AP, De Rooij DG. Isolation and characterization of all-trans- retinoic acid-responsive genes in the rat testis. Mol Reprod Dev. 1998 May;50 (1):1-6 92. Singhal PC, Gibbons N, Franki N, Reddy K, Sharma P, Mattana J, Wagner JD, Bansal V. Simulated glomerular hypertension promotes mesangial cell apoptosis and expression of cathepsin-B and SGP-2. J Investig Med. 1998 Feb;46 (2):42-50 93. Ishikawa Y, Akasaka Y, Ishii T, Komiyama K, Masuda S, Asuwa N, Choi-Miura NH, Tomita M. Distribution and synthesis of apolipoprotein J in the atherosclerotic aorta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998 Apr;18 (4):665-72 94. Gelissen IC, Hochgrebe T, Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Jessup W, Dean RT, Brown AJ. Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) induces cholesterol export from macrophage-foam cells: a potential anti-atherogenic function?. Biochem J. 1998 Apr 1;331 ( Pt 1):231-7 95. Schwochau GB, Nath KA, Rosenberg ME. Clusterin protects against oxidative stress in vitro through aggregative and nonaggregative properties. Kidney Int. 1998 Jun;53 (6):1647-53 96. Wunsche W, Tenniswood MP, Schneider MR, Vollmer G. Estrogenic regulation of clusterin mRNA in normal and malignant endometrial tissue. Int J Cancer. 1998 May 29;76 (5):684-8 97. Yoo KH, Thornhill BA, Wolstenholme JT, Chevalier RL. Tissue-specific regulation of growth factors and clusterin by angiotensin II. Am J Hypertens. 1998 Jun;11 (6 Pt 1):715-22 98. Calvo EL, Mallo GV, Fiedler F, Malka D, Vaccaro MI, Keim V, Morisset J, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Clusterin overexpression in rat pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis and pancreatic development. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Jun 1;254 (2):282-9 99. Olson BA, Ali SM, Contino LC, Brooks DP, Laping NJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition alters clusterin mRNA expression in the kidney following renal mass reduction. Pharmacology. 1998 Jul;57 (1):13-9 100. Howes EA, Hurst S, Laslop A, Jones R. Cellular distribution and molecular heterogeneity of MAC393 antigen (clusterin, beta-chain) on the surface membrane of bull spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod. 1998 Jul;4 (7):673-81 101. Steinberg J, Oyasu R, Lang S, Sintich S, Rademaker A, Lee C, Kozlowski JM, Sensibar JA. Intracellular levels of SGP-2 (Clusterin) correlate with tumor grade in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1997 Oct;3 (10):1707-11 102. Humphreys DT, Carver JA, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Wilson MR. Clusterin has chaperone-like activity similar to that of small heat shock proteins. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 12;274 (11):6875-81 103. Viard I, Wehrli P, Jornot L, Bullani R, Vechietti JL, Schifferli JA, Tschopp J, French LE. Clusterin gene expression mediates resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by heat shock and oxidative stress. J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Mar;112 (3):290-6 104. Newkirk MM, Apostolakos P, Neville C, Fortin PR. Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease associated with low levels of clusterin/apoJ, an antiinflammatory protein. J Rheumatol. 1999 Mar;26 (3):597-603 105. Klock G, Storch S, Rickert J, Gutacker C, Koch-Brandt C. Differential regulation of the clusterin gene by Ha-ras and c-myc oncogenes and during apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 1998 Dec;177 (4):593- 605 106. Sintich SM, Steinberg J, Kozlowski JM, Lee C, Pruden S, Sayeed S, Sensibar JA. Cytotoxic sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in PC3 and LNCaP prostatic cancer cells is regulated by extracellular levels of SGP-2 (clusterin). Prostate. 1999 May;39 (2):87-93 107. Ghosh P, Hale EA, Lakshman R. Long-term ethanol exposure alters the sialylation index of plasma apolipoprotein J (Apo J) in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Apr;23 (4):720-5 108. Hochgrebe TT, Humphreys D, Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB. A reexamination of the role of clusterin as a complement regulator. Exp Cell Res. 1999 May 25;249 (1):13-21 Page 7 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) 109. Park IS, Che YZ, Bendayan M, Kang SW, Min BH. Up-regulation of clusterin (sulfated glycoprotein-2) in pancreatic islet cells upon streptozotocin injection to rats. J Endocrinol. 1999 Jul;162 (1):57-65 110. Bailey R, Griswold MD. Clusterin in the male reproductive system: localization and possible function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999 May 25;151 (1-2):17-23 111. Lemansky P, Brix K, Herzog V. Subcellular distribution, secretion, and posttranslational modifications of clusterin in thyrocytes. Exp Cell Res. 1999 Aug 25;251 (1):147-55 112. Hochgrebe T, Pankhurst GJ, Wilce J, Easterbrook-Smith SB. pH-dependent changes in the in vitro ligand-binding properties and structure of human clusterin. Biochemistry. 2000 Feb 15;39 (6):1411-9 113. Yoo KH, Thornhill BA, Chevalier RL. Angiotensin stimulates TGF-beta1 and clusterin in the hydronephrotic neonatal rat kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp. 2000 Mar;278 (3):R640-5 114. Cervellera M, Raschella G, Santilli G, Tanno B, Ventura A, Mancini C, Sevignani C, Calabretta B, Sala A. Direct transactivation of the anti-apoptotic gene apolipoprotein J (clusterin) by B-MYB. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 14;275 (28):21055-60 115. Kang SW, Lim SW, Choi SH, Shin KH, Chun BG, Park IS, Min BH. Antisense oligonucleotide of clusterin mRNA induces apoptotic cell death and prevents adhesion of rat ASC-17D Sertoli cells. Mol Cells. 2000 Apr 30;10 (2):193-8 116. Zwain I, Amato P. Clusterin protects granulosa cells from apoptotic cell death during follicular atresia. Exp Cell Res. 2000 May 25;257 (1):101-10 117. Chiang KC, Goto S, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lin YC, Pan TL, Lord R, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Lee TH, Yokoyama H, Kunimatsu M, Chiang YC, Hashimoto T. Clusterin may be involved in rat liver allograft tolerance. Transpl Immunol. 2000 Jun;8 (2):95-9 118. Van Lenten BJ, Wagner AC, Navab M, Fogelman AM. Oxidized phospholipids induce changes in hepatic paraoxonase and ApoJ but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 via interleukin-6. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 19;276 (3):1923-9 119. McLaughlin L, Zhu G, Mistry M, Ley-Ebert C, Stuart WD, Florio CJ, Groen PA, Witt SA, Kimball TR, Witte DP, Harmony JA, Aronow BJ. Apolipoprotein J/clusterin limits the severity of murine autoimmune myocarditis. J Clin Invest. 2000 Nov;106 (9):1105-13 120. Ibrahim NM, Gilbert GR, Loseth KJ, Crabo BG. Correlation between clusterin-positive spermatozoa determined by flow cytometry in bull semen and fertility. J Androl. 2000 Nov-Dec;21 (6):887-94 121. Poon S, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Rybchyn MS, Carver JA, Wilson MR. Clusterin is an ATP- independent chaperone with very broad substrate specificity that stabilizes stressed proteins in a folding-competent state. Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 26;39 (51):15953-60 122. Yamada K, Hori Y, Hanafusa N, Okuda T, Nagano N, Choi-Miura NH, Couser WG, Miyata T, Kurokawa K, Fujita T, Nangaku M. Clusterin is up-regulated in glomerular mesangial cells in complement-mediated injury. Kidney Int. 2001 Jan;59 (1):137-46 123. Millis AJ, Luciani M, McCue HM, Rosenberg ME, Moulson CL. Clusterin regulates vascular smooth muscle cell nodule formation and migration. J Cell Physiol. 2001 Feb;186 (2):210-9 124. Atlas-White M, Murphy BF, Baker HW. Localisation of clusterin in normal human sperm by immunogold electron microscopy. Pathology. 2000 Nov;32 (4):258-61 125. Xie MJ, Motoo Y, Su SB, Sawabu N. Expression of clusterin in pancreatic acinar cell injuries in vivo and in vitro. Pancreas. 2001 Mar;22 (2):126-34 126. Bach UC, Baiersdorfer M, Klock G, Cattaruzza M, Post A, Koch-Brandt C. Apoptotic cell debris and phosphatidylserine-containing lipid vesicles induce apolipoprotein J (clusterin) gene expression in vital fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res. 2001 Apr 15;265 (1):11-20 127. Sivamurthy N, Stone DH, LoGerfo FW, Quist WC. Apolipoprotein J inhibits the migration and adhesion of endothelial cells. Surgery. 2001 Aug;130 (2):204-9 128. Gassler N, Autschbach F, Heuschen G, Witzgall R, Otto HF, Obermuller N. Expression of clusterin in Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. Histol Histopathol. 2001 Jul;16 (3):755-62 129. Ibrahim NM, Romano JE, Troedsson MH, Crabo BG. Effect of scrotal insulation on clusterin- positive cells in ram semen and their relationship to semen quality. Page 8 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) J Androl. 2001 Sep-Oct;22 (5):863-77 130. Miyata M, Biro S, Kaieda H, Eto H, Orihara K, Kihara T, Obata H, Matsushita N, Matsuyama T, Tei C. Apolipoprotein J/clusterin is induced in vascular smooth muscle cells after vascular injury. Circulation. 2001 Sep 18;104 (12):1407-12 131. Bailey RW, Dunker AK, Brown CJ, Garner EC, Griswold MD. Clusterin, a binding protein with a molten globule-like region. Biochemistry. 2001 Oct 2;40 (39):11828-40 132. Lakins JN, Poon S, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Carver JA, Tenniswood MP, Wilson MR. Evidence that clusterin has discrete chaperone and ligand binding sites. Biochemistry. 2002 Jan 8;41 (1):282-91 133. Kim BM, Han YM, Shin YJ, Min BH, Park IS. Clusterin expression during regeneration of pancreatic islet cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetologia. 2001 Dec;44 (12):2192- 202 134. Ghosh P, Hale EA, Lakshman MR. Plasma sialic-acid index of apolipoprotein J (SIJ): a new alcohol intake marker. Alcohol. 2001 Nov;25 (3):173-9 135. Connor JR, Kumar S, Sathe G, Mooney J, O'Brien SP, Mui P, Murdock PR, Gowen M, Lark MW. Clusterin expression in adult human normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001 Nov;9 (8):727-37 136. Rosenberg ME, Girton R, Finkel D, Chmielewski D, Barrie A 3rd, Witte DP, Zhu G, Bissler JJ, Harmony JA, Aronow BJ. Apolipoprotein J/clusterin prevents a progressive glomerulopathy of aging. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Mar;22 (6):1893-902 137. Girton RA, Sundin DP, Rosenberg ME. Clusterin protects renal tubular epithelial cells from gentamicin-mediated cytotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 Apr;282 (4):F703-9 138. Dumont P, Chainiaux F, Eliaers F, Petropoulou C, Remacle J, Koch-Brandt C, Gonos ES, Toussaint O. Overexpression of apolipoprotein J in human fibroblasts protects against cytotoxicity and premature senescence induced by ethanol and tert-butylhydroperoxide. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2002 Jan;7 (1):23-35 139. Poon S, Treweek TM, Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Carver JA. Clusterin is an extracellular chaperone that specifically interacts with slowly aggregating proteins on their off-folding pathway. FEBS Lett. 2002 Feb 27;513 (2-3):259-66 140. Poon S, Rybchyn MS, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Carver JA, Pankhurst GJ, Wilson MR. Mildly acidic pH activates the extracellular molecular chaperone clusterin. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277 (42):39532-40 141. Hidaka S, Kranzlin B, Gretz N, Witzgall R. Urinary clusterin levels in the rat correlate with the severity of tubular damage and may help to differentiate between glomerular and tubular injuries. Cell Tissue Res. 2002 Dec;310 (3):289-96 142. Trougakos IP, Poulakou M, Stathatos M, Chalikia A, Melidonis A, Gonos ES. Serum levels of the senescence biomarker clusterin/apolipoprotein J increase significantly in diabetes type II and during development of coronary heart disease or at myocardial infarction. Exp Gerontol. 2002 Oct-Nov;37 (10-11):1175-87 143. Leskov KS, Klokov DY, Li J, Kinsella TJ, Boothman DA. Synthesis and functional analyses of nuclear clusterin, a cell death protein. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 28;278 (13):11590-600 144. Park JH, Park JS, Ju SK, Lee KB, Park YK, Kang MH, Na SY, You KH. Clusterin mRNA expression in apoptotic and activated rat thymocytes. Cell Res. 2003 Feb;13 (1):49-58 145. Park JH, Park JS, Ju SK, Lee KB, Park YK, Kang MH, Na SY, You KH. Clusterin mRNA expression in apoptotic and activated rat thymocytes. Cell Res. 2003 Feb;13 (1):49-58 146. Bajari TM, Strasser V, Nimpf J, Schneider WJ. A model for modulation of leptin activity by association with clusterin. FASEB J. 2003 Aug;17 (11):1505-7 147. Matsuda A, Itoh Y, Koshikawa N, Akizawa T, Yana I, Seiki M. Clusterin, an abundant serum factor, is a possible negative regulator of MT6-MMP/MMP-25 produced by neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 19;278 (38):36350-7 148. Beaumont NJ, Skinner VO, Tan TM, Ramesh BS, Byrne DJ, MacColl GS, Keen JN, Bouloux PM, Mikhailidis DP, Bruckdorfer KR, Vanderpump MP, Srai KS. Ghrelin can bind to a species of high density lipoprotein associated with paraoxonase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278 (11):8877-80 Page 9 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18) 149. Heller AR, Fiedler F, Braun P, Stehr SN, Bodeker H, Koch T. Clusterin protects the lung from leukocyte-induced injury. Shock. 2003 Aug;20 (2):166-70 150. Heller AR, Fiedler F, Braun P, Stehr SN, Bodeker H, Koch T. Clusterin protects the lung from leukocyte-induced injury. Shock. 2003 Aug;20 (2):166-70 151. Min BH, Kim BM, Lee SH, Kang SW, Bendayan M, Park IS. Clusterin expression in the early process of pancreas regeneration in the pancreatectomized rat. J Histochem Cytochem. 2003 Oct;51 (10):1355-65 152. Lin KH, Lee HY, Shih CH, Yen CC, Chen SL, Yang RC, Wang CS. Plasma protein regulation by thyroid hormone. J Endocrinol. 2003 Dec;179 (3):367-77 153. Watanabe H, Hamada H, Yamada N, Sohda S, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Yoshikawa H, Arinami T. Proteome analysis reveals elevated serum levels of clusterin in patients with preeclampsia. Proteomics. 2004 Feb;4 (2):537-43 154. Forni M, Zannoni A, Tamanini C, Bacci ML. Opposite regulation of clusterin and LH receptor in the swine corpus luteum during luteolysis. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2003 Nov-Dec;43 (6):517-25 155. Orlandi A, Pucci S, Ciucci A, Pichiorri F, Ferlosio A, Spagnoli LG. Modulation of clusterin isoforms is associated with all-trans retinoic acid-induced proliferative arrest and apoptosis of intimal smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Feb;25 (2):348-53 156. Miwa Y, Takiuchi S, Kamide K, Yoshii M, Horio T, Tanaka C, Banno M, Miyata T, Sasaguri T, Kawano Y. Insertion/deletion polymorphism in clusterin gene influences serum lipid levels and carotid intima-media thickness in hypertensive Japanese females. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jun
Additional info: Recognizes rat Clusterin.

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