Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J, Apo J)

Clusterin is a 75-80 kD disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein containing about 30% of N-linked carbohydrate rich in sialic acid, but truncated forms targeted to the nucleus have also been identified. The precursor polypeptide chain is cleaved proteolytically to remove the 22-mer secretory signal peptide and subsequently between residues 227/228 to generate the alpha and beta chains. These are assembled anti-parallel to give a heterodimeric molecule in which the cysteine-rich centers are linked by five disulfide bridges and are flanked by two predicted coiled-coil alpha-helices and three predicted amphipathic alpha-helices. The six sites of N-linked glycosylation are indicated as yellow spots. Across a broad range of species clusterin shows 70% to 80% of sequence homology. It is ubiquitously expressed in most mammalian tissues and can be found in plasma, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and semen. It is able to bind and form complexes with numerous partners such as immunoglobulins, lipids, heparin, bacteria, complement components, paraoxonase, beta amyloid, leptin and others. Clusterin has been ascribed a plethora of functions such as phagocyte recruitment, aggregation induction, complement attack prevention, apoptosis inhibition, membrane remodelling, lipid transport, hormone transport and/or scavenging, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. A detailed mechanism of clusterin has not been defined. One tempting hypothesis says that clusterin is an \nextracellular chaperone protecting cells from stress induced by degraded and misfolded protein \nprecipitates.Clus-terin is up- or downregulated on the mRNA or protein level in many pathological and clinically relevant situations including cancer, organ regeneration, infection, Alzheimer disease, retinitis pigmentosa, myocardial infarction, renal tubular damage, autoimmunity and others. \n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in ELISA and Western lot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stabillty:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

C5870-01K

Size

100ug

Applications

ELISA, WB

Hosts

Rat

Reactivities

Rat, Rabbit

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder in PBS, pH 7.2. No preservative added. Reconstitute with 100ul sterile dH2O. Let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Purified by Immunoaffinity chromatography .

Isotype

IgG

References

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J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 5;265 (22):13240-7 \n5. de Silva HV, Stuart WD, Park YB, Mao SJ, Gil CM, Wetterau JR, Busch SJ, Harmony JA. \nPurification and characterization of apolipoprotein J. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 25;265 (24):14292-7 \n6. Bettuzzi S, Troiano L, Davalli P, Tropea F, Ingletti MC, Grassilli E, Monti D, Corti A, Franceschi C. In \nvivo accumulation of sulfated glycoprotein 2 mRNA in rat thymocytes upon dexamethasone- \ninduced cell death. \nPage 2 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18)\nBiochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Mar 29;175 (3):810-5 \n7. Burkey BF, deSilva HV, Harmony JA. Intracellular processing of apolipoprotein J precursor to \nthe mature heterodimer. J Lipid Res. 1991 Jun;32 (6):1039-48 \n8. Connor J, Buttyan R, Olsson CA, D'Agati V, O'Toole K, Sawczuk IS. SGP-2 expression as a \ngenetic marker of progressive cellular pathology in experimental hydronephrosis. Kidney Int. \n1991 Jun;39 (6):1098-103 \n9. Eddy AA, Fritz IB. Localization of clusterin in the epimembranous deposits of passive \nHeymann nephritis. Kidney Int. 1991 Feb;39 (2):247-52 \n10. Rosenberg ME, Paller MS. Differential gene expression in the recovery from ischemic renal \ninjury. Kidney Int. 1991 Jun;39 (6):1156-61 \n11. Sylvester SR, Morales C, Oko R, Griswold MD. Localization of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin) \non spermatozoa and in the reproductive tract of the male rat. Biol Reprod. 1991 Jul;45 (1):195-207 \n12. Harding MA, Chadwick LJ, Gattone VH 2nd, Calvet JP. The SGP-2 gene is developmentally \nregulated in the mouse kidney and abnormally expressed in collecting duct cysts in polycystic \nkidney disease. Dev Biol. 1991 Aug;146 (2):483-90 \n13. Leibovitch I, Buttyan R. Sulfated glycoprotein-2 induced endogenous resistance to ischemia \nand reperfusion injury in the seminiferous tubules. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1991 Oct;26 (3):114-7 \n14. Grassilli E, Bettuzzi S, Monti D, Ingletti MC, Franceschi C, Corti A. Studies on the relationship \nbetween cell proliferation and cell death: opposite patterns of SGP-2 and ornithine \ndecarboxylase mRNA accumulation in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys \nRes Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180 (1):59-63 \n15. Aulitzky WK, Schlegel PN, Wu DF, Cheng CY, Chen CL, Li PS, Goldstein M, Reidenberg M, Bardin \nCW. Measurement of urinary clusterin as an index of nephrotoxicity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. \n1992 Jan;199 (1):93-6 \n16. Kirszbaum L, Bozas SE, Walker ID. SP-40,40, a protein involved in the control of the \ncomplement pathway, possesses a unique array of disulphide bridges. FEBS Lett. 1992 Feb \n3;297 (1-2):70-6 \n17. Ledda-Columbano GM, Coni P, Faa G, Manenti G, Columbano A. Rapid induction of apoptosis in \nrat liver by cycloheximide. Am J Pathol. 1992 Mar;140 (3):545-9 \n18. Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH, Manivel JC, Eddy AA, Rosenberg ME. Intrarenal distribution of \nclusterin following reduction of renal mass. Kidney Int. 1992 Apr;41 (4):938-50 \n19. Cyr DG, Robaire B. Regulation of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin) messenger ribonucleic \nacid in the rat epididymis. Endocrinology. 1992 Apr;130 (4):2160-6 \n20. Kaynard AH, Periman LM, Simard J, Melner MH. Ovarian 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase \nand sulfated glycoprotein-2 gene expression are differentially regulated by the induction of \novulation, pseudopregnancy, and luteolysis in the immature rat. Endocrinology. 1992 Apr;130 \n(4):2192-200 \n21. Schumer M, Colombel MC, Sawczuk IS, Gobe G, Connor J, O'Toole KM, Olsson CA, Wise GJ, \nButtyan R. Morphologic, biochemical, and molecular evidence of apoptosis during the \nreperfusion phase after brief periods of renal ischemia. Am J Pathol. 1992 Apr;140 (4):831-8 \n22. Kangasniemi M, Cheng CY, Toppari J, Grima J, Stahler M, Bardin CW, Parvinen M. Basal and FSH- \nstimulated steady state levels of SGP-2, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and testibumin in culture media \nof rat seminiferous tubules at defined stages of the epithelial cycle. J Androl. 1992 May-Jun;13 \n(3):208-13 \n23. Mattmueller DR, Hinton BT. Clusterin (SGP-2) in epididymal luminal fluid and its association \nwith epididymal spermatozoa in androgen-deprived rats. Mol Reprod Dev. 1992 May;32 (1):73-80 \n24. French LE, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Clusterin in renal tissue: preferential localization with the \nterminal complement complex and immunoglobulin deposits in glomeruli. Clin Exp Immunol. \n1992 Jun;88 (3):389-93 \n25. Stuart WD, Krol B, Jenkins SH, Harmony JA. Structure and stability of apolipoprotein J- \ncontaining high-density lipoproteins. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 15;31 (36):8552-9 \n26. Burkey BF, Stuart WD, Harmony JA. Hepatic apolipoprotein J is secreted as a lipoprotein. J \nLipid Res. 1992 Oct;33 (10):1517-26 \nPage 3 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18)\n27. Choi-Miura NH, Takahashi Y, Nakano Y, Tobe T, Tomita M. Identification of the disulfide bonds in \nhuman plasma protein SP-40,40 (apolipoprotein-J). J Biochem. 1992 Oct;112 (4):557-61 \n28. Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB. Clusterin binds by a multivalent mechanism to the Fc and \nFab regions of IgG. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Oct 20;1159 (3):319-26 \n29. French LE, Sappino AP, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Distinct sites of production and deposition of \nthe putative cell death marker clusterin in the human thymus. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90 (5):1919- \n25 \n30. Pearse MJ, O'Bryan M, Fisicaro N, Rogers L, Murphy B, d'Apice AJ. Differential expression of \nclusterin in inducible models of apoptosis. Int Immunol. 1992 Nov;4 (11):1225-31 \n31. Schlegel PN, Matthews GJ, Cichon Z, Aulitzky WK, Cheng CY, Chen CL, Saso L, Goldstein M, Janne \nOA, Bardin CW, et al.. Clusterin production in the obstructed rabbit kidney: correlations with loss \nof renal function. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992 Nov;3 (5):1163-71 \n32. Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH, Nath KA, Manivel JC, Rosenberg ME. Interaction of complement \nand clusterin in renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992 Nov;3 (5):1172-9 \n33. Aronow BJ, Lund SD, Brown TL, Harmony JA, Witte DP. Apolipoprotein J expression at fluid- \ntissue interfaces: potential role in barrier cytoprotection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan \n15;90 (2):725-9 \n34. Carone FA, Jin H, Nakamura S, Kanwar YS. Decreased synthesis and delayed processing of \nsulfated glycoproteins by cells from human polycystic kidneys. Lab Invest. 1993 Apr;68 (4):413-8 \n35. Tschopp J, Jenne DE, Hertig S, Preissner KT, Morgenstern H, Sapino AP, French L. Human \nmegakaryocytes express clusterin and package it without apolipoprotein A-1 into alpha- \ngranules. Blood. 1993 Jul 1;82 (1):118-25 \n36. Witte DP, Aronow BJ, Stauderman ML, Stuart WD, Clay MA, Gruppo RA, Jenkins SH, Harmony JA. \nPlatelet activation releases megakaryocyte-synthesized apolipoprotein J, a highly abundant \nprotein in atheromatous lesions. Am J Pathol. 1993 Sep;143 (3):763-73 \n37. Vakeva A, Laurila P, Meri S. Co-deposition of clusterin with the complement membrane attack \ncomplex in myocardial infarction. Immunology. 1993 Oct;80 (2):177-82 \n38. Parczyk K, Pilarsky C, Rachel U, Koch-Brandt C. Gp80 (clusterin; TRPM-2) mRNA level is \nenhanced in human renal clear cell carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1994;120 (3):186-8 \n39. Kelso GJ, Stuart WD, Richter RJ, Furlong CE, Jordan-Starck TC, Harmony JA. Apolipoprotein J is \nassociated with paraoxonase in human plasma. Biochemistry. 1994 Jan 25;33 (3):832-9 \n40. French LE, Wohlwend A, Sappino AP, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Human clusterin gene expression \nis confined to surviving cells during in vitro programmed cell death. J Clin Invest. 1994 Feb;93 \n(2):877-84 \n41. Jordan-Starck TC, Lund SD, Witte DP, Aronow BJ, Ley CA, Stuart WD, Swertfeger DK, Clayton LR, \nSells SF, Paigen B, et al.. Mouse apolipoprotein J: characterization of a gene implicated in \natherosclerosis. J Lipid Res. 1994 Feb;35 (2):194-210 \n42. Saunders JR, Aminian A, McRae JL, O'Farrell KA, Adam WR, Murphy BF. Clusterin depletion \nenhances immune glomerular injury in the isolated perfused kidney. Kidney Int. 1994 Mar;45 \n(3):817-27 \n43. Dvergsten J, Manivel JC, Correa-Rotter R, Rosenberg ME. Expression of clusterin in human renal \ndiseases. Kidney Int. 1994 Mar;45 (3):828-35 \n44. Ide H, Yeldandi AV, Reddy JK, Rao MS. Increased expression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 and \nDNA fragmentation in the pancreas of copper-deficient rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 \nMay;126 (1):174-7 \n45. French LE, Sappino AP, Tschopp J, Schifferli JA. Clusterin gene expression in the rat thymus is \nnot modulated by dexamethasone treatment. Immunology. 1994 Jun;82 (2):328-31 \n46. Thomas-Salgar S, Millis AJ. Clusterin expression in differentiating smooth muscle cells. J Biol \nChem. 1994 Jul 8;269 (27):17879-85 \n47. O'Bryan MK, Murphy BF, Liu DY, Clarke GN, Baker HW. The use of anticlusterin monoclonal \nantibodies for the combined assessment of human sperm morphology and acrosome integrity. \nHum Reprod. 1994 Aug;9 (8):1490-6 \nPage 4 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18)\n48. Rosemblit N, Chen CL. Regulators for the rat clusterin gene: DNA methylation and cis-acting \nregulatory elements. J Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Aug;13 (1):69-76 \n49. Nath KA, Dvergsten J, Correa-Rotter R, Hostetter TH, Manivel JC, Rosenberg ME. Induction of \nclusterin in acute and chronic oxidative renal disease in the rat and its dissociation from cell \ninjury. Lab Invest. 1994 Aug;71 (2):209-18 \n50. Hardardottir I, Kunitake ST, Moser AH, Doerrler WT, Rapp JH, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Endotoxin \nand cytokines increase hepatic messenger RNA levels and serum concentrations of \napolipoprotein J (clusterin) in Syrian hamsters. J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94 (3):1304-9 \n51. Rosenberg ME, Manivel JC, Carone FA, Kanwar YS. Genesis of renal cysts is associated with \nclusterin expression in experimental cystic disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1995 Mar;5 (9):1669-74 \n52. Brown TL, Moulton BC, Baker VV, Mira J, Harmony JA. Expression of apolipoprotein J in the \nuterus is associated with tissue remodeling. Biol Reprod. 1995 May;52 (5):1038-49 \n53. Chung KH, Gomez RA, Chevalier RL. Regulation of renal growth factors and clusterin by AT1 \nreceptors during neonatal ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol. 1995 Jun;268 (6 Pt 2):F1117-23 \n54. Sensibar JA, Sutkowski DM, Raffo A, Buttyan R, Griswold MD, Sylvester SR, Kozlowski JM, Lee C. \nPrevention of cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in LNCaP cells by \noverexpression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (clusterin). Cancer Res. 1995 Jun 1;55 (11):2431-7 \n55. Kounnas MZ, Loukinova EB, Stefansson S, Harmony JA, Brewer BH, Strickland DK, Argraves WS. \nIdentification of glycoprotein 330 as an endocytic receptor for apolipoprotein J/clusterin. J Biol \nChem. 1995 Jun 2;270 (22):13070-5 \n56. Rosenberg ME, Silkensen J. Clusterin: physiologic and pathophysiologic considerations. Int J \nBiochem Cell Biol. 1995 Jul;27 (7):633-45 \n57. Darby IA, Hewitson T, Jones C, Fraenkel MB, Becker G. Vascular expression of clusterin in \nexperimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Exp Nephrol. 1995 Jul-Aug;3 (4):234-9 \n58. Flach R, Cattaruzza M, Koch-Brandt C. Clusterin gene expression in apoptotic MDCK cells is \ndependent on the apoptosis-inducing stimulus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Sep 21;1268 (3):325-8 \n59. Baumgartner-Parzer SM, Wagner L, Pettermann M, Grillari J, Gessl A, Waldhausl W. High-glucose- \ntriggered apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells. Diabetes. 1995 Nov;44 (11):1323-7 \n60. Koch-Brandt C, Morgans C. Clusterin: a role in cell survival in the face of apoptosis?. Prog Mol \nSubcell Biol. 1996;16:130-49 \n61. Hogasen K, Homann C, Mollnes TE, Graudal N, Hogasen AK, Hasselqvist P, Thomsen AC, Garred \nP. Serum clusterin and vitronectin in alcoholic cirrhosis. Liver. 1996 Apr;16 (2):140-6 \n62. Arai T, Kida Y, Harmon BV, Gobe GC. Expression and localization of clusterin mRNA in the \nsmall and large intestine of the irradiated rat: its relationship with apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol. \n1996 May;69 (5):547-53 \n63. Reddy KB, Jin G, Karode MC, Harmony JA, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF \nbeta)-induced nuclear localization of apolipoprotein J/clusterin in epithelial cells. Biochemistry. \n1996 May 14;35 (19):6157-63 \n64. Rosemblit N, Feng ZM, Chen CL. Analysis of the rat clusterin gene promoter and cyclic AMP- \nregulated mRNA stability in testicular cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Jun;16 (3):287-96 \n65. Kimura K, Yamamoto M. Modification of the alternative splicing process of testosterone- \nrepressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) gene by protein synthesis inhibitors and heat shock \ntreatment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 3;1307 (1):83-8 \n66. Morales CR, Igdoura SA, Wosu UA, Boman J, Argraves WS. Low density lipoprotein receptor- \nrelated protein-2 expression in efferent duct and epididymal epithelia: evidence in rats for its in \nvivo role in endocytosis of apolipoprotein J/clusterin. Biol Reprod. 1996 Sep;55 (3):676-83 \n67. Chevalier RL, Chung KH, Smith CD, Ficenec M, Gomez RA. Renal apoptosis and clusterin \nfollowing ureteral obstruction: the role of maturation. J Urol. 1996 Oct;156 (4):1474-9 \n68. Brown TL, Moulton BC, Witte DP, Swertfeger DK, Harmony JA. Apolipoprotein J/clusterin \nexpression defines distinct stages of blastocyst implantation in the mouse uterus. Biol Reprod. \n1996 Oct;55 (4):740-7 \n69. Partridge SR, Baker MS, Walker MJ, Wilson MR. Clusterin, a putative complement regulator, \nbinds to the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. \nPage 5 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18)\nInfect Immun. 1996 Oct;64 (10):4324-9 \n70. Gutacker C, Flach R, Diel P, Klock G, Koch-Brandt C. Multiple signal transduction pathways \nregulate clusterin (gp 80) gene expression in MDCK cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Oct;17 (2):109- \n19 \n71. Roeth PJ, Easterbrook-Smith SB. C1q is a nucleotide binding protein and is responsible for the \nability of clusterin preparations to promote immune complex formation. Biochim Biophys Acta. \n1996 Oct 17;1297 (2):159-66 \n72. Roeth PJ, Easterbrook-Smith SB. C1q is a nucleotide binding protein and is responsible for the \nability of clusterin preparations to promote immune complex formation. Biochim Biophys Acta. \n1996 Oct 17;1297 (2):159-66 \n73. Silkensen JR, Agarwal A, Nath KA, Manivel JC, Rosenberg ME. Temporal induction of clusterin in \ncisplatin nephrotoxicity. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Feb;8 (2):302-5 \n74. Navab M, Hama-Levy S, Van Lenten BJ, Fonarow GC, Cardinez CJ, Castellani LW, Brennan ML, \nLusis AJ, Fogelman AM, La Du BN. Mildly oxidized LDL induces an increased apolipoprotein \nJ/paraoxonase ratio. J Clin Invest. 1997 Apr 15;99 (8):2005-19 \n75. Laping NJ, Olson BA, Short B, Albrightson CR. Thrombin increases clusterin mRNA in \nglomerular epithelial and mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Jun;8 (6):906-14 \n76. McDonald JF, Nelsestuen GL. Potent inhibition of terminal complement assembly by clusterin: \ncharacterization of its impact on C9 polymerization. Biochemistry. 1997 Jun 17;36 (24):7464-73 \n77. Mackness B, Hunt R, Durrington PN, Mackness MI. Increased immunolocalization of \nparaoxonase, clusterin, and apolipoprotein A-I in the human artery wall with the progression of \natherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Jul;17 (7):1233-8 \n78. Jin G, Howe PH. Regulation of clusterin gene expression by transforming growth factor beta. \nJ Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 17;272 (42):26620-6 \n79. Kapron JT, Hilliard GM, Lakins JN, Tenniswood MP, West KA, Carr SA, Crabb JW. Identification \nand characterization of glycosylation sites in human serum clusterin. Protein Sci. 1997 Oct;6 \n(10):2120-33 \n80. Lee M, Hwang I, Choi Y, Paik S, Lee HB, Baik M. EGF inhibits expression of WDNM1 and \nsulfated glycoprotein-2 genes in mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 \nNov 7;240 (1):104-7 \n81. Kimura K, Asami K, Yamamoto M. Effect of heat shock treatment on the production of variant \ntestosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) mRNA in culture cells. Cell Biochem Funct. \n1997 Dec;15 (4):251-7 \n82. Michel D, Chatelain G, North S, Brun G. Stress-induced transcription of the clusterin/apoJ gene. \nBiochem J. 1997 Nov 15;328 ( Pt 1):45-50 \n83. Humphreys D, Hochgrebe TT, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Tenniswood MP, Wilson MR. Effects of \nclusterin overexpression on TNFalpha- and TGFbeta-mediated death of L929 cells. Biochemistry. \n1997 Dec 9;36 (49):15233-43 \n84. Pampfer S, Vanderheyden I, McCracken JE, Vesela J, De Hertogh R. Increased cell death in rat \nblastocysts exposed to maternal diabetes in utero and to high glucose or tumor necrosis factor- \nalpha in vitro. Development. 1997 Dec;124 (23):4827-36 \n85. Correa-Rotter R, Ibarra-Rubio ME, Schwochau G, Cruz C, Silkensen JR, Pedraza-Chaverri J, \nChmielewski D, Rosenberg ME. Induction of clusterin in tubules of nephrotic rats. J Am Soc \nNephrol. 1998 Jan;9 (1):33-7 \n86. Laping NJ, Olson BA, Day JR, Brickson BM, Contino LC, Short BG, Ali SM, Brooks DP. The age- \nrelated increase in renal clusterin mRNA is accelerated in obese Zucker rats. J Am Soc Nephrol. \n1998 Jan;9 (1):38-45 \n87. Cuida M, Legler DW, Eidsheim M, Jonsson R. Complement regulatory proteins in the salivary \nglands and saliva of Sjogren's syndrome patients and healthy subjects. Clin Exp Rheumatol. \n1997 Nov-Dec;15 (6):615-23 \n88. Silkensen JR, Hirsch AT, Lunzer MM, Chmielewski D, Manivel JC, Muellerleile MR, Rosenberg ME. \nTemporal induction of clusterin in the peri-infarct zone after experimental myocardial infarction \nin the rat. \nPage 6 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18)\nJ Lab Clin Med. 1998 Jan;131 (1):28-35 \n89. Izawa M. Identification of a transcript predicting an alternative form of sulfated glycoprotein-2 \n(clusterin) in rat tissues. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1998 Jan;44 (1):9-18 \n90. Moll S, Menoud PA, French L, Sappino AP, Pastore Y, Schifferli JA, Izui S. Tubular up-regulation of \nclusterin mRNA in murine lupus-like nephritis. Am J Pathol. 1998 Apr;152 (4):953-62 \n91. Gaemers IC, Van Pelt AM, Themmen AP, De Rooij DG. Isolation and characterization of all-trans- \nretinoic acid-responsive genes in the rat testis. Mol Reprod Dev. 1998 May;50 (1):1-6 \n92. Singhal PC, Gibbons N, Franki N, Reddy K, Sharma P, Mattana J, Wagner JD, Bansal V. Simulated \nglomerular hypertension promotes mesangial cell apoptosis and expression of cathepsin-B and \nSGP-2. J Investig Med. 1998 Feb;46 (2):42-50 \n93. Ishikawa Y, Akasaka Y, Ishii T, Komiyama K, Masuda S, Asuwa N, Choi-Miura NH, Tomita M. \nDistribution and synthesis of apolipoprotein J in the atherosclerotic aorta. Arterioscler Thromb \nVasc Biol. 1998 Apr;18 (4):665-72 \n94. Gelissen IC, Hochgrebe T, Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Jessup W, Dean RT, Brown AJ. \nApolipoprotein J (clusterin) induces cholesterol export from macrophage-foam cells: a potential \nanti-atherogenic function?. Biochem J. 1998 Apr 1;331 ( Pt 1):231-7 \n95. Schwochau GB, Nath KA, Rosenberg ME. Clusterin protects against oxidative stress in vitro \nthrough aggregative and nonaggregative properties. Kidney Int. 1998 Jun;53 (6):1647-53 \n96. Wunsche W, Tenniswood MP, Schneider MR, Vollmer G. Estrogenic regulation of clusterin mRNA \nin normal and malignant endometrial tissue. Int J Cancer. 1998 May 29;76 (5):684-8 \n97. Yoo KH, Thornhill BA, Wolstenholme JT, Chevalier RL. Tissue-specific regulation of growth \nfactors and clusterin by angiotensin II. Am J Hypertens. 1998 Jun;11 (6 Pt 1):715-22 \n98. Calvo EL, Mallo GV, Fiedler F, Malka D, Vaccaro MI, Keim V, Morisset J, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. \nClusterin overexpression in rat pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis and pancreatic \ndevelopment. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Jun 1;254 (2):282-9 \n99. Olson BA, Ali SM, Contino LC, Brooks DP, Laping NJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition \nalters clusterin mRNA expression in the kidney following renal mass reduction. Pharmacology. \n1998 Jul;57 (1):13-9 \n100. Howes EA, Hurst S, Laslop A, Jones R. Cellular distribution and molecular heterogeneity of \nMAC393 antigen (clusterin, beta-chain) on the surface membrane of bull spermatozoa. Mol Hum \nReprod. 1998 Jul;4 (7):673-81 \n101. Steinberg J, Oyasu R, Lang S, Sintich S, Rademaker A, Lee C, Kozlowski JM, Sensibar JA. \nIntracellular levels of SGP-2 (Clusterin) correlate with tumor grade in prostate cancer. Clin \nCancer Res. 1997 Oct;3 (10):1707-11 \n102. Humphreys DT, Carver JA, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Wilson MR. Clusterin has chaperone-like \nactivity similar to that of small heat shock proteins. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 12;274 (11):6875-81 \n103. Viard I, Wehrli P, Jornot L, Bullani R, Vechietti JL, Schifferli JA, Tschopp J, French LE. Clusterin \ngene expression mediates resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by heat shock and \noxidative stress. J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Mar;112 (3):290-6 \n104. Newkirk MM, Apostolakos P, Neville C, Fortin PR. Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease \nassociated with low levels of clusterin/apoJ, an antiinflammatory protein. J Rheumatol. 1999 \nMar;26 (3):597-603 \n105. Klock G, Storch S, Rickert J, Gutacker C, Koch-Brandt C. Differential regulation of the clusterin \ngene by Ha-ras and c-myc oncogenes and during apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 1998 Dec;177 (4):593- \n605 \n106. Sintich SM, Steinberg J, Kozlowski JM, Lee C, Pruden S, Sayeed S, Sensibar JA. Cytotoxic \nsensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in PC3 and LNCaP prostatic cancer cells is regulated \nby extracellular levels of SGP-2 (clusterin). Prostate. 1999 May;39 (2):87-93 \n107. Ghosh P, Hale EA, Lakshman R. Long-term ethanol exposure alters the sialylation index of \nplasma apolipoprotein J (Apo J) in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Apr;23 (4):720-5 \n108. Hochgrebe TT, Humphreys D, Wilson MR, Easterbrook-Smith SB. A reexamination of the role of \nclusterin as a complement regulator. Exp Cell Res. 1999 May 25;249 (1):13-21 \nPage 7 of 12 (VERSION: 2009-08-18)\n109. Park IS, Che YZ, Bendayan M, Kang SW, Min BH. Up-regulation of clusterin (sulfated \nglycoprotein-2) in pancreatic islet cells upon streptozotocin injection to rats. 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Additional Info

Recognizes rat Clusterin.