Estradiol, Human (E2) BioAssay(TM) ELISA Kit

For the quantitative determination of Estradiol (E2) concentration in human serum. \n \nEstradiol (E2) is a C18 steroid hormone with a phenolic A ring. This steroid hormone has a molecular weight of 272.4. It is the most potent natural Estrogen, produced mainly by the ovary, placenta, and in smaller amounts by the adrenal cortex, and the male testes (1,2,3). \nEstradiol (E2) is secreted into the blood stream where 98% of it circulates bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). To a lesser extent it is bound to other serum proteins such as albumin. Only a tiny fraction circulates as free hormone or in the conjugated form (4,5). Estrogenic activity is effected via estradiol-receptor complexes which trigger the appropriate response at the nuclear level in the target sites. These sites include the follicles, uterus, breast, vagina, urethra, hypothalamus, pituitary and to a lesser extent the liver and skin. In non-pregnant women with normal menstrual cycles, estradiol secretion follows a cyclic, biphasic pattern with the highest concentration found immediately prior to ovulation (6,7). The rising estradiol concentration is understood to exert a positive feedback influence at the level of the pituitary where it influences the secretion of the gonadotropins, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for follicular maturation and ovulation, respectively (8,9). Following ovulation, estradiol levels fall rapidly until the luteal cells become active resulting in a secondary gentle rise and plateau of estradiol in the luteal phase. During pregnancy, maternal serum Estradiol levels increase considerably, to well above the pre-ovulatory peak levels and high levels are sustained throughout pregnancy (10). Serum Estradiol measurements are a valuable index in evaluating a variety of menstrual dysfunctions such as precocious or delayed puberty in girls (11) and primary and secondary amenorrhea and menopause (12). Estradiol levels have been reported to be increased in patients with feminizing syndromes (14), gynaecomastia (15) and testicular tumors (16). In cases of infertility, serum Estradiol measurements are useful for monitoring induction of ovulation following treatment with, for example, clomiphene citrate, LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), or exogenous gonadotropins (17, 18). During ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF), serum estradiol concentrations are usually monitored daily for optimal timing of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and oocyte collection (19). \n\nDetection Range: 0-1000 pg/ml \nSample: 25ul serum \nSpecificity: ~100% \nSensitivity: ~10pg/ml \nTotal Time: ~110 min \n \nKit Components: \nEach kit contains the following components in sufficient quantities to perform the number of tests indicated. All reactive reagents contain 0.1% sodium azide as a preservative \n\n1. Microtiter Plate\n2. Conjugate\n3. Calibrator\n4. Positive Control\n5. Negative Control\n6. TMB\n7. Wash Buffer, 10X Diluted wash buffer to 1X\n8. Sample Diluent\n9. Stop Solution \n\nStorage and Stability:\nStore all components at 4 degrees C. Stable for 6 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

E3550-09

Size

96Tests

Applications

ELISA

References

1. Tsang, B.K., Armstrong, D.T. and Whitfield, J.F., Steroid biosynthesis by isolated human ovarian follicular cells in vitro, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1980; 51: 1407-1411. 2. Gore-Langton, R.E. and Armstrong, D.T., Follicular steroidogenesis and its control. In: Knobil, E., and Neill, J. et al., ed. The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York; 1988: 331-385. 3. Hall, P.F., Testicular steroid synthesis: Organization and regulation. In: Knobil, E., and Neill, J. et al., ed. The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York; 1988: 975-998. 4. Siiteri, P.K., Murai, J.T., Hammond, G.L., Nisker, J.A., Raymoure, W.J. and Kuhn, R.W., The serum transport of steroid hormones, Rec. Prog. Horm. Res., 1982; 38: 457-510. 5. Baird, D.T., Ovarian steroid secretion and metabolism in women. In: James, V.H.T., Serio, M. and Giusti, G., eds. The Endocrine Function of the Human Ovary. Academic Press, New York; 1976: 125-133. 6. McNatty, K.P., Baird, D.T., Bolton, A., Chambers, P., Corker, C.S. and McLean, H., Concentration of oestrogens and androgens in human ovarian venous plasma and follicular fluid throughout the menstrual cycle, J. Endocrinol., 1976; 71: 77-85. 7. Abraham, G.E., Odell, W.D., Swerdloff, R.S., and Hopper, K., Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of plasma FSH, LH, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Estradiol-17b during the menstrual cycle, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1972; 34: 312-318. 8. March, C.M., Goebelsmann, U., Nakumara, R.M., and Mishell, D.R. Jr., Roles of estradiol and progesterone in eliciting the midcycle luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone surges. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1979; 49: 507-513. 9. Simpson, E.R., and MacDonald, P.C., Endocrinology of pregnancy. In: Williams, R.H., ed., Textbook of Endocrinology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; 1981: 412-422. 10. Jenner, M.R., Kelch, R.P., Kaplan, S.L. and Grumbach, M.M., Hormonal changes in puberty: IV. Plasma estradiol, LH, and FSH in prepubertal children, pubertal females and in precocious puberty, premature thelarche, hypogonadism and in a child with feminizing ovarian tumor. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 197 2; 34: 521-530. 11. Goldstein, D., Zuckerman, H., Harpaz, S., et al., Correlation between estradiol and progesterone in cycles with luteal phase deficiency. Fertil. Steril., 1982; 37: 348-354. 12. Kirschner, M.A., The role of hormones in the etiology of human breast cancer. Cancer, 1977; 39: 2716-2726. 13. Odell, W.D. and Swerdloff, R.S., Abnormalities of gonadal function in men. Clin. Endocr., 1978; 8: 149-180. 14. MacDonald, P.C., Madden, J.D., Brenner, P.F., Wilson, J.D. and Siiteri, P.K., Origin of estrogen in \nnormal men and in women with testicular feminization, J.Clin. Endocrinol. Metabl., 1979; 49: 905-916. 15. Fishel, S.B., Edwards, R.G., Purdy, J.M., Steptoe, P.C., Webster, J., Walters, E., Cohen, J., Fehilly, C. Hewitt, J., and Rowland, G., Implantation, abortion and birth after in vitro fertilization using the \nnatural menstrual cycle or follicular stimulation with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin, J. In Vitro Fertil. Embryo Transfer, 1985; 2: 123-131. 16. Ratcliffe, W.A., Carter, G.D., Dowsett, M., et al., Oestradiol assays: applications and guidelines for the provision of a clinical biochemistry service, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 1988; 25:466-483. 17. Tietz, N.W. ed., Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition, W.B. Saunders, Co., Philadelphia, 1995: 216-217. 18. USA Center for Disease Control/National Institute of Health Manual,