Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21)

The FGFs are a family of more than 20 small (~17-26kD) secreted peptides. The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This mitogenic activity was mediated through FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1, 2, or 3. A fourth closely related tyrosine kinase receptor (FGFR4) was able to bind the FGFs but did not lead to a mitogenic response. FGFs modulate cellular activity via at least 5 distinct subfamilies of high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs): FGFR- 1, -2, -3, and -4, all with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, except for FGFR-4, multiple splice isoforms, and FGFR-5, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain. There is growing evidence that FGFRs can be important for regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The overexpression of a dominant negative form of FGFR-1 in beta cells leads to diabetes in mice, which thus implies that proper FGF signaling is required for normal beta cell function and glycemia maintenance. FGFR-2 appears to be a key molecule during pancreatic development. Moreover, FGFR-4 has been implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis. FGF-19, has been shown to cause resistance to diet-induced obesity and insulin desensitization and to improve insulin, glucose, and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Since these effects, at least in part, are mediated through the observed changes in metabolic rates, FGF-19 can be considered as a regulator of energy expenditure. FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver, but an exact knowledge of FGF-21 bioactivity and its mode of action have been lacking to date. FGF-21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice, and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically administered to diabetic rodents. \n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Indirect ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilutions:\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stabillty:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

Prices direct from United States Biological

Quick response times

Exclusive Biosave savings/discounts

SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

F4212-93H

Size

100ug

Applications

ELISA, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Reactivities

Mouse

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder from PBS, pH 7.2. No preservative added. Reconstitute with 100ul sterile ddH2O. Let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography

Isotype

IgG

References

1. Nicholes, K., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 160(6): 2295-2307 (2002). 2. Holt, J.A., et al., Genes Dev. 17(13): 1581-1591(2003). 3. Xie, M.H., et al., Cytokine 11(10): 729-735 (1999). 4. Kharitonenkov, A., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 115(6): 1627-1635 (2005). 5. Fu, L., et al., Endocrinology 145(6): 2594-2603 (2004). 6. Nishimura, T., et al., Biochim Biophys Acta. 1492(1): 203-206 (2000). 7. Strack, A.M. & Myers, R.W., Endocrinology 145(6): 2591-2593 (2004). 8. Nishimura, T., et al., Biochim Biophys Acta. 1444(1): 148-151 (1999). 9. Harmer, N.J., et al., Biochemistry 43(3): 629-640 (2004). 10. Tomlinson, E., et al., Endocrinology 143(5): 1741-1747 (2002).

Additional Info

Recognizes FGF-21. Species Crossreactivity: human