Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogenic growth factor that plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. EGF is synthesized as a large precursor (1207 amino acids, 134 kDa) that is cleaved into a small mature protein (53 amino acids, 6 kDa). The precursor has 66% identity with the corresponding mouse protein (1-3). Its gene mutation causes autosomal recessive renal hypomagnesemia (4). EGF binds to the cell surface receptor EGFR, leading to the receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and subsequent signal transduction pathways activation. The EGFR inhibition by small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies is the target of non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer therapies (5-7).
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