Lysozyme is one of the anti-microbial agents found in human milk, and is also present in spleen, lung, kidney, white blood cells, plasma, saliva, and tears. Lysozyme has 130 amino acids and its natural substrate is the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. Since synthesized by granulocytes and macrophages, lysozyme can act as a useful marker for myelomonocytic cells (1, 2). Increased levels of lysozyme in urine and serum are diagnostic indicators for acute monocytic leukemia and acute myelomonycytic leukemia (3). Elevated lysozyme levels were found in synovial fluids of the inflammatory arthritides and osteoarthritis (4). Human lysozyme gene mutations cause hereditary systemic amyloidosis (5, 6). The extracellular clusterin potently inhibits human lysozyme amyloid formation by interacting with prefibrillar species (7). Salivary lysozyme, a marker for oral infection and hyperglycemia, might display a significant relationship with hypertension, an early stage of cardiovascular disease (8).
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