Human Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is a major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein in plasma and a sensitive marker of acute inflammation. It is not only synthesized by the liver and adipose tissue, but also produced extrahepatically by many cancers (1). SAA is a 12.5-kDa protein containing 122 amino acids with polymorphic forms (2-3). Four SAA genes have been identified and three encode functional proteins in human. In response to inflammatory stimuli, acute-phase SAA1 and SAA2 are secreted and increased. Whereas SAA3 is a pseudogene that does not express protein, and SAA4 is expressed constitutively in the liver (4). SAA is associated with obesity, amyloidosis, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and renal and lung cancers (5-9).
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