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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15.5 kDa polypeptide produced by activated T lymphocytes, primarily T helper 1 (TH1) cells. This polypeptide is important for normal immune function and is responsible for the development, proliferation and activation of T-cells, B-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. IL-2 is synthesized as a 153 amino acid peptide from which the first 20 amino acid are cleaved to form the mature protein. IL-2 elicits its effects by binding to a multi-subunit (IL-2R(alpha), IL-2R(beta), and IL-2R(gamma)) cell-surface receptor. The highest affinity for IL-2 is achieved when all 3 subunits are expressed together forming a heterotrimeric complex. Binding of IL-2 to IL-2R on NK cells results in their conversion to LAK cells, which release several other cytokines (TNF, INF-(gamma), and GM-CSF). Activated T-cells will respond to IL-2 by proliferating and secreting cytokines and cytolytic molecules. Activated B cells will proliferate and secrete antibodies. Cayman |