Ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A is a chlorinated benzopyran coupled to the amino acid phenylalanine, produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. associated with food spoilage. Ochratoxins are widely distributed in the environment and are known to be nephrotoxic, teratogenic and possibly carcinogenic. Ochratoxin A may act by induction of DNA strand breaks, sister chromatid exchanges, DNA adduct formation, or reactive oxygen but the mechanism of action as a toxin is not yet resolved. At the molecular level, ochratoxin A has been shown to specifically inhibit NK cell activity, increase growth of transplantable tumor cells in mice, increase apoptosis, activate c-Jun N terminal kinase in human kidney epithelial cells, and block metaphase/anaphase \ntransition. It also inhibits plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 production by human blood mononuclear cells.\n \nSource: Aspergillus ochraceus MST-FP2005\n\nApperance: Pale yellow solid\n\nSolubility: Soluble in ethanol, methanol, DMF or DMSO. Limited water solubility \n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

O5305-03

Size

1mg

Purity

~95%

References

1. Mycotoxins. Part II. The constitution of ochratoxins A, B, and C, metabolites of Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. Van der Merwe K. J. et al., J.C.S. 1965, 7083. 2. Ochratoxin A inhibits the production of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 by human blood mononuclear cells: Another potential mechanism of immune-suppression. Rossiello M.R et al., Tox. Appl. Pharmacol. 2008, 229, 227. 3. Ochratoxin A: Apoptosis and aberrant exit from mitosis due to perturbation of microtubule dynamics? Rached E. et al., Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 92, 78. 4. Selective immunosuppression in mice of natural killer cell activity by ochratoxin A. Luster M.I. et al., Canc. Res. 1987, 47, 2259.