Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are cytosolic proteins of about 15 kD. They bind long chain fatty acids and play an important role in fatty acid metabolism. Heart, liver and intestinal FABP isoforms exist. Heart has a high content of FABP (10-20 mol % of cytoplasmic proteins) and heart FABP (H-FABP) has proved to be a sensitive biomarker of myocardial necrosis in humans. H-FABP is rapidly released into the circulation from damaged cardiac muscle. Serum/plasma levels are significantly increased within 1-4 hours of muscle injury and values return to normal within 12 to 24 hours. Because H-FABP is also expressed in skeletal muscle, it is necessary to exclude or control for skeletal muscle injury before ascribing H-FABP elevations to cardiac injury.
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