Transducin alpha (Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein) alpha Transducing Activity Polypeptide 1, Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein G(T) alpha 1 Subunit, GBT1, GNAT1, GNATR, Rod-specific Transducin)

Vision involves the conversion of light into electrochemical signals that are processed by the retina and subsequently sent to and interpreted by the brain. The process of converting light into an electrochemical signal begins when the membrane-bound protein, rhodopsin, absorbs light within the retina. Photoexcitation of rhodopsin causes the cytoplasmic surface of the protein to become catalytically active. In the active state, rhodopsin activates transducin, a GTP binding protein. Once activated, transducin promotes the hydrolysis of cGMP by phosphodiesterase (PDE). The decrease of intracellular cGMP concentration causes the ion channels within the outer segment of the rod or cone to close, thus causing membrane hyperpolarization and, eventually, signal transmission. Rhodopsin activity is believed to be shut off by phosphorylation followed by binding of the soluble protein, arrestin. Transducin, once activated by rhodopsin, promotes the hydrolysis of cGMP by PDE. The subunit composition of transducin differs between different photoreceptor cells. Rod transducin consists of rod transducin alpha (Tr alpha), T beta, and T gamma. Cone transducin is composed of cone transducin alpha (Tc alpha), T beta and T gamma. Differential transducin subunit composition of transducin is believed to be responsible for the different light sensitivities between photoreceptive cells. Applications: Suitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, add sterile glycerol (40-50%), aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 3 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.