IRF-3 can inhibit cell growth and plays a critical role in controlling the expression of genes in the innate immune response. In unstimulated cells, IRF-3 is...
The Snail family of developmental regulatory proteins is a group of widely conserved zinc-finger proteins that regulate transcription and include the...
The enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3 kinase) is a lipid kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-triphosphate in response to receptor...
The heredity disease chronic granulomatous disease (CGF) has been linked to mutations in p47-phox and p67-phox. The cytosolic proteins p47-phox and p67-phox,...
Activation of NFkB requires that IkB be phosphorylated on specific serine residues, which results in targeted degradation of IkB. IkB kinase (alpha)...
The NF-kB/Rel transcription factors are present in the cytosol in an inactive state, complexed with the inhibitory IkB proteins. Most agents that activate...
Smad proteins, the mammalian homologs of the Drosophila Mothers against dpp (Mad) have been implicated as downstream effectors of TGF(beta)/BMP signaling....
Cbl (also designated the c-Cbl proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL ,Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene and RING finger protein 55) has...
The c-Fos oncogene was initially detected in two independent murine osteosarcoma virus isolates and an avian nephroblastoma virus. The cellular homolog,...
Three cell membrane receptor tyrosine kinases, Flt (also designated VEGF-R1), Flk-1 (also designated VEGF-R2) and Flt-4, putatively involved in the growth of...
Bad is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that promotes cell death by displacing Bax from binding to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Survival factors, such as IL-3,...
The Abl oncogene was initially identified as the viral transforming gene of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV). The major translational product of c-Abl...
Stat 5a protein is a transcription factor activated by hormone and cytokines. Two highly related, but distinct Stat 5 genes (Stat 5a and Stat 5b) were...
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) plays a crucial role in the initiation of receptor mediated signal transduction through the generation of the...
Separase is a cysteine protease that triggers anaphase in all eukaryotes by participating in separation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Once activated,...
A total of eight mammalian PLC isozymes have been described (PLC (beta)1, PLC (beta)2, PLC (beta)3, PLC (beta)4, PLC (gamma)1, PLC (gamma)2, PLC (delta)1 and...
Several serine/threonine protein kinases have been implicated as intermediates in signal transduction pathways. These include ERK/MAP kinases, ribosomal S6...
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that mediates the effects of glucocorticoids. The most abundant isoform is...
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic (alpha) subunit and regulatory (beta) and (gamma) subunits. It protects cells from stresses that...
PPAR gamma is implicated in numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. PPAR gamma activators include prostanoids, fatty...