CCL3 (Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 alpha, MIP-1 alpha, LD78a)

CCL3, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1alpha) and LD78, is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1beta. Chemokines comprise a large family of small secreted proteins that are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells (1). Mature rat CCL3 shares 74%, 91%, and 88% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively (2). CCL3 is an ~8kD chemokine that forms complexes with sulfated proteoglycans (3, 4). In a reversible process, CCL3 associates into noncovalently-linked dimers which then form tetramers and high molecular weight polymers (5, 6). These complexes of CCL3 are protected from proteolytic digestion by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) which can cleave the monomeric chemokine (6). CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 (1). It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization via the decoy chemokine receptor D6 (7). CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils (1, 8-10). CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (3). CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis (11-14), although it also can suppress the replication of HIV (15). CCL3 additionally promotes hyperalgesia by sensitizing sensory neurons to TRPV1-mediated noxious stimulation (16).\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in ELISA. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

145408

Size

500ug

Applications

ELISA

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Rat

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder in PBS, Trehalose. Reconstitute in sterile PBS.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein A or G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG1

References

1. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455. 2. Shi, M.M. et al. (1995) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 211:289. 3. Graham, G.J. et al. (1990) Nature 344:442. 4. Wagner, L. et al. (1998) Nature 391:908. 5. Graham, G.J. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:4974. 6. Ren, M. et al. (2010) EMBO J. 29:3952. 7. Weber, M. et al. (2004) Mol. Biol. Cell 15:2492 8. Taub, D.D. et al. (1993) Science 260:355. 9. Bernardini, G. et al. (2008) Blood 111:3626. 10. Lee, S.C. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:3392. 11. Wu, Y. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:6384. 12. Cook, D.N. et al. (1995) Science 269:1583. 13. Chintalacharuvu, S.R. et al. (2005) Immunol. Lett. 100:202. 14. Ajuebor, M.N. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:2907. 15. Cocchi, F. et al. (1995) Science 270:1811. 16. Zhang, N. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102:4536.

Additional Info

Recognizes rat CCL3/MIP