Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family includes eight members in humans: SOCS-1 through SOCS-7 and cytokine-inducible Src-homology 2 (SH2) containing protein (CIS). All members of the family have similar structure: variable length (50-380aa) and aa sequence N-terminal region, SH2 domain in the center, and homologous aa long sequence at the C-terminus that was named SOCS box. Studies have demonstrated that animals lacking normal SOCS function exhibit high cytokine activity that leads to a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and even cancer. CIS is the first recognized and one of the well-studied members of the SOCS family. It is 258aa long with short N-terminus and shares sequence similarity with SOCS-2. CIS mRNA normally presents at very low levels in different tissues; however, its level is rapidly increased upon stimulation with IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, EPO, IFNg, TNFa, prolactin, GH, and leptin. CIS inhibits signaling by binding to activated cytokine receptors; for example, CIS binds to pY401 of the EPO receptor and to pY985/pY1077 motifs of the leptin receptor. In addition, recent findings demonstrate that its C-terminal region residue Y253 is critical for CIS functioning.
Applications:
Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
ELISA: 0.1-1ug/ml
Western Blot: 0.5-2ug/ml
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.