Interleukin 9, Recombinant, Rat (IL-9)

Rat interleukin-9 (IL-9; also T-cell growth factor P40 and MEA) is a 20-30 kD secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the IL-7/IL-9 family of hematopoietic cytokines. It is best considered an atypical Th2-type cytokine. 1-4 Rat IL-9 was initially isolated from the 4437A rat thymoma cell line. 5 The IL-9 precursor is 144 amino acids (aa) in length and contains an 18 aa signal sequence plus a 126 aa mature segment. 5 An extended, 219 aa alternate precursor form is reported in GenBank (Accession # XP_001068265). It shows a 113 aa substitution for the first 38 aa of the standard form. Its significance is unknown. Mature rat IL-9 is 75%, 74% and 58% aa identical to cotton rat, mouse and human IL-9, respectively. 6-9 There is variability in cross-species reactivity. Canine and mouse IL-9 are purportedly active on human cells, 9-11 while human IL-9 is inactive on mouse cells. 9 Cells reported to express IL-9 include activated CD4+ T cells and eosinophils. 12, 13 The receptor for rat IL-9 is composed of the 62 kD rat IL-9Ra chain and the 64 kD rat common cytokine receptor g-chain. 5, 14, 15 IL-9 is suggested to play a significant, but likely supporting role in allergy and asthma. Its synthesis is induced upon exposure to allergen. 10, 13 Following release, it is known to upregulate IgE production by IL-4-stimulated B cells. 16 It also stimulates mucin secretion and IL-13 production through a direct action on respiratory epithelium. 10, 17 In the bone marrow, it promotes eosinophilia, likely through IL-5 induction. 18, 19 And once produced, eosinophils are chemoattracted to the bronchi through the IL9-induced secretion of eotaxin-1 by airway smooth muscle cells. \n\nMolecular Mass: The mature recombinant rat IL-9, generated by proteolytic removal of the signal peptide region, is a monomer protein. Based on N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the recombinant rat IL-9 starts at Gln 19. It has a calculated molecular mass of 14.1 kD. As a result of glycosylation, the recombinant monomer is heterogeneous and it migrates as an approximately 30-35 kD protein in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.\n\nEndotoxin Level:< 1.0 EU per 1ug of the protein as determined by the LAL method.\n\nBiological Activity: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using a factor-dependent mouse cell line, TS1.\n\nStorage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute by adding PBS containing 0.1% HSA or BSA. Reconstituted product is stable for 3 months at -20C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

I8431-10D

Size

10ug

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder from 30% CH3CN, 0.1% TFA, with 50ug BSA per 1ug of cytokine. Reconstitute with PBS, 0.1% HSA or BSA to a concentration of (same/more than)10ug/ml.

Purity

(same/more than) 90%, as determined by SDS-PAGE and visualized by silver stain.

References

1. Renauld, J-C. et al. (1993) Adv. Immunol. 54:79. 2. Demoulin J-B. & J-C. Renauld (1998) Intern. Rev. Immunol. 16:345. 3. Knoops, L. & J-C. Renauld (2004) Growth Factors 22:207. 4. Finiasz, M.R. et al. (2006) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 147:139. 5. Flubacher, M.M. et al. (1994) J. Virol. 68:7709. 6. Blanco, J.C. et al. (2004) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 24:21. 7. Uyttenhove, C. et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6934. 8. van Snick, J. et al. (1989) J. Exp. Med. 169:363. 9. Renauld, J-C. et al. (1990) Cytokine 2:9. 10. Longphre, M. et al. (1999) J. Clin. Invest. 104:1375. 11. Birner, A. et al. (1992) Exp. Hematol. 20:541. 12. Holz, L.E. et al. (2005) J. Inflamm. 2:3. 13. Gounni, A.S. et al. (2000) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 106:460. 14. Olosz, F. & T.R. Malek (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:12047. 15. Bauer, J.H. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:9255. 16. Jeannin, P. et al. (1998) Blood 91:1355. 17. Temann, U-A. et al. (2006) Int. Immunol. 19:1. 18. Poulin, L.F. et al. (2005) Eur. Cytokine Netw. 16:233. 19. Sitkauskiene, B. et al. (2005) Respir. Res. 6:33. 20. Gounni, A.S. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:2771.