Additional info: |
Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4 in the host cell, or by transcellular metabolism in erythrocytes, platelets, or neutrophils. This metabolism is rapid and complete, in that plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable. Exogenously administered LTC4 is recovered in the urine as LTE4 (5-13%) and two prominent oxidized metabolites resulting from several cycles of .beta.-oxidation. The plasma half-life of is about 7 minutes. Plasma LTE4 levels are likewise <2 pg/ml as a consequence of the low rate of production and rapid elimination. Normal human urine contains low but detectable amounts of LTE4, ranging from 10-60 pg/ml. Asthmatic patients in an acute episode of bronchoconstriction may have elevations of urinary LTE4 to several hundred pg/ml, but their baseline LTE4 levels are not consistently abnormal. Methods for the rapid isolation and detection of LTE4 from human urine have been developed. |