Macrophage

Macrophages are a type of white blood cells ingesting foreign material and are thus key players in the immune response to foreign invaders such as infectious microorganisms. They usually arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Under migration into tissues, the monocytes undergo further differentiation to become multifunctional tissue macrophages. They are classified into normal and inflammatory macrophages. Normal macrophages include macrophages in connective tissue (histiocytes), liver (Kupffer's cells), lung (alveolar macrophages), lymph nodes (free and fixed macrophages), spleen (free and fixed macrophages), bone marrow (fixed macrophages), serous fluids (pleural and peritoneal macrophages), skin (histiocytes, Langerhans's cell) and in other tissues. Inflammatory macrophages are present in various exudates. Macrophages are part of the innate immune system, recognising, engulfing and destroying many potential pathogens including bacteria, pathogenic protozoa, fungi and helminths. Aside from their roles in primary innate immunity, macrophages function as regulator and effector cells in both humoral and cell mediated immune responses. Upon phagocytosis, macrophages degrade proteins and process the antigens for presentation on MHC molecules, where T-cells can recognize the substances as "foreign". When activated in an immune response, macrophages acquire microbicidal and tumoricidal activities involving reactive-oxygen species and reactive-nitrogen metabolites. During embryonic development, they play an important role in scavenging dying cells and clearing areas of programmed cell death, and thereby contribute to organogenesis. Macrophages are also important in many aspects of homeostasis, for example in the metabolism of cholesterol.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nImmunohistochemistry (paraffin): 1:25-1:75\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nPositive Control:\nTonsil\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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