Neuroglycan C is a transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is exclusively expressed in the central nervous system. NGC gene expression is developmentally regulated being altered by addiction to psychostimulants and by nerve lesion. Its core protein has a particular multidomain structure differing from those of other known proteoglycans, and this protein is modified post-translationally in various ways such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. Neuroglycan C is a novel part-time proteoglycan that changes its structure from a proteoglycan form to a non-proteoglycan form without chondroitin sulfate chains during the development of the cerebellum and retina. Evidence suggests that Neuroglycan C is involved in neuronal circuit formation in the central nervous system.