PFK-1 undergoes activation in the presence of elevated AMP. The most potent activator is fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which is produced by PFK-2 from the same substrate, fructose 6-phosphate. PFK-2 is bifunctional and a key regulator for PFK-1. PFK-2 catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and contains fructose-2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PFK-2 is dimeric and isoenzymes include PFK-2 liver (PFKFB1, PFRX), PFK-2 cardiac (PFKFB2), PFK-2 placental (PFKFB3, inducible PFK-2) and PFK-2 testis (PFKFB4).
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