Smad3 (Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Deleted in Pancreatic Carcinoma)

Signaling events leading to transcriptional activation initiated by members of the TGF-beta superfamily are known to be mediated by SMAD proteins. Biological activities mediated by SMADs include cell growth and morphogenesis, development, and immune response. Activation by TGF-b is mediated by Smad2 and Smad3 while activation by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is mediated by Smad 1 and Smad 5. In contrast to the activating effects of these Smad proteins, Smad6 and Smad7, whose expression is also induced by ligand binding, appear to function as negative regulators of TGF-b superfamily signaling pathways.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in ELISA, Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Other applications have not been tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nELISA: 0.1-1ug/ml\nWestern Blot: 1-3ug/ml\nImmunohistochemistry: 1ug/ml Requires HIER with EDTA, pH 8.0 prior to staining.\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nPositive Controls: \nWestern Blot: human Smad3-transfected COS\nImmunohistochemistry: human normal breast, esophagus, skin, and breast cancer tissues.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, add sterile 40-50% glycerol, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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