Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1)

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, also known as Delta-9 desaturase) is an iron containing membrane enzyme. It catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The enzyme inserts a cis double bond between the C9 and the C10 positions in the acyl-CoA derivatives of saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acids to produce palmitoleoyl- and oleoyl-CoA, respectively. Mono-unsaturated fatty acids play an important role in many processes, including energy metabolism (triacylglycerol storage in adipose tissues), anti-oxidation, lipid acivated signal transduction, apoptosis, mitogenesis in certain tumors, and activate certain hormone receptors. SCD genes are tightly regulated by signals such as insulin, leptin, carbohydrate, fatty acids and temperature. Three SCD genes SCD1, SCD2 and SCD3 have been identified in mouse. All three genes have been mapped at mouse chromosome 19 D2. In human, there is only one structural SCD-gene (chromosome 10) encoding two SCD transcripts has been identified. The SCD-gene products (SCD-1, 2 and 3) are integral membrane proteins with four TM domains containing a novel sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) binding site. SREBP regulates enzymes involved in cholesterol, triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism. The SCD enzymes have a 30aa N-terminal sequence responsible for their rapid degradation and short half life of 3-4 hours. The enzyme SCD-1 is constitutively expressed in adipose tissue and is induced in liver in response to fat free, high carbohydrate diet. The SCD-1 expression is higher in female than male mice. Although, the enzyme is expressed in undifferentiated sebocytes of skin at a lower level than SCD-3, its expression is crucial to the differentiation of sebocytes. The loss of gene expression results in asebia characterized by hypoplastic sebaceous and meibomian glands, flaky skin and alopecia. The repression of RNA levels and enzyme activity of hepatic SCD-1 by Leptin has been shown to significantly reduce the triglyceride storage, VLDL production and therefore an increase in fatty acid oxidation. Inhibition of SCD-1 could be of benefit for treatment of obesity, hepatic steatosis and other metabolic disorders.\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nELISA: 0.5-1ug/ml (Coat with 1ug/ml control peptide).\nWestern Blot: 1-10ug/ml for ECL.\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nControl Peptide: S7900-01\n\nStorage and Stability: \nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage, store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

S7900-05

Size

50ug

Applications

ELISA, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, 0.1% BSA, 0.05% sodium azide, 40% glycerol.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG

References

1. Cohen, P., et al., Science 297: 240 (2002). 2. Ntambi, J.M., et al., PNAS 99: 11,482 (2002). 3. Zheng, Y., et al., Genomics 71: 182 (2001). 3. Mziaut, H., et al., BBA 1583: 45 (2002). 4. Miyazaki, M., et al., JBC 276: 39,455 (2001). 5. Mziaut, H., et al., BBRC 282: 910 (2001). 6. Zhang, L., 357: 183 (2001). 7. Mziaut, H., et al., PNAS 97: 8883 (2000). 8. Zhang, L., et al., Biochem. J. 340: 255 (1999). 9. Ozols, J., Mol. Biol. Cell 8: 2281 (1997). 10. Heinemann, F.S., Ozols, J., Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 3445 (1998).

Additional Info

Recognizes human Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD-1). Species Sequence Homology: porcine: 88%; bovine, rat: 83%; mouse: 77%.