In vivo studies have shown that BMP-2 (also designated BMP-2A) and BMP-3 can independently induce cartilage formation. Smad3 association with the TGF(beta)...
Inhibins and activins are involved in regulating a number of functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ...
Advanced glycosylation end products of proteins (AGEs) are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins that are associated with a variety of conditions, including...
Cathepsin E is an intracellular aspartic protease of the pepsin family, which is structurally highly homologous to the lysosomal aspartic protease cathepsin...
Each of the approximately 20 connexin isoforms produces channels with distinct permeabilities and electrical and chemical sensitivities; therefore, one...
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are members of a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. CAs are involved in...
The annexin family of calcium-binding proteins is composed of at least ten mammalian genes and is characterized by a conserved core domain which binds...
Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Alpha chain 3 undergoes post-translational cleavage in...
In skeletal muscle, AQP4 (aquaporin 4 also known as mercurial insensitive water channel), localizes to the sarcolemma of fast-twitch muscle fibers....
Hsp27, also referred to as the Estrogen-Regulated 24K protein and HSP28, is one of several small heat shock proteins (HSP) produced by all organisms studied....
CaMKII (Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase that is abundant in the brain as a major constituent...
eIF4E, a protein modulates translation of maternal mRNAs in early embryos before the onset of zygotic transcription. eIF4E also influences the overall rate...
CD44 is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein also known as Phagocytic Glycoprotein 1 (pgp 1) and HCAM. CD44 is the receptor for hyaluronate and exists as a...
The mGluR proteins (metabotropic Glutamate Receptors) are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family and are functionally and pharmacologically...
The synuclein family members, including (alpha)-synuclein (also designated NACP for non-(beta) Amyloid component) and (beta)-synuclein, are predominantly...
Overexpression of either Wnt-1 or the GLI proteins results in cancer; however, the molecular basis for this transformation was poorly understood. The Wnt-1...
The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-TM7 family constitutes a group of class B G protein-coupled receptors, which includes CD97, EMR1(EGF-like molecule...
CYB561D2 (Cytochrome b561 domain-containing protein 2), also known as putative tumor suppressor protein 101F6, is a 222 amino acid highly hydrophobic protein...
Adenylyl cyclases function to convert ATP to cyclic AMP in response to activation by a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and other regulatory molecules....
ZADH2 (zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain containing 2) is a 377 amino acid protein that belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family...