Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, ay (HBsAg)

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection induces a disease state characterised by liver damage, inflammation and viral persistence. Infection also increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. Its genome consists of partially double stranded circular DNA. The DNA is enclosed in a nucleocapsid, or core antigen (HBcAg), which is surrounded by a spherical envelope (surface antigen or HBsAg). The core antigen shares its sequences with the e antigen (HBeAg) but no cross reactivity between the two proteins has been observed. The HBV genome also encodes a DNA polymerase that also acts as a reverse transcriptase.\n\nHepatitis B infection is normally diagnosed from serological tests that detect HBsAg but as the disease progresses this antigen may no longer be present in the blood and tests for HBcAg are used. If HBsAg can be detected in the blood for longer than six months, chronic hepatitis B is diagnosed.\n\nThe antigenic determinant of the protein moiety of the HBsAg determines specific characteristics of different serotypes and provides the basis of immunodetection. HBsAg has antigenic heterogeneity, specifically, two pairs of sub specific determinants, d/y and w/r allow the following combinations: adw, ayw, adr, ayr.\n\nSource: \nHuman plasma\n\nInactivation: \nHeated for 10 hours at 60 degrees C before ultracentrifugation.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at 4 degrees C. Do not freeze. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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