Histone H3 (F3), Arginine Rich

Autoantibodies to histone antigens have been described in patients with idiopathic and drug-induced SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, and other conditions. The presence of autoantibodies to histones are frequently found in several rheumatic disorders (1). In one study, the predominant responses to histones in SLE sera were to H1, H2b, and H3. Marked elevations of binding occurred to H1 and H2b in 33% of patients, while 25% showed higher binding to H3 (2). The same study showed the highest anti-histone reactivity to be in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis, while the highest reactivity in SLE sera was in those patients with a history of photosensitivity (3).\n\nIn diploid eukaryotic cells, the chromatin fibers are about 20nM in diameter. They consist of two major components in equal amounts, DNA and basic proteins called histones. The histones are a group of water and dilute acid soluble basic proteins found associated with DNA in chromosomes. They are characterized by relatively high levels of lysine and arginine. Although histones are classified into a limited number of types of fractions (see below) with each particular fraction having a fundamentally distinct amino acid composition and sequence, numerous subfractions are observed due to the acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation of various amino acid residues. Microheterogeneity or alteration of structure is dynamic such that the histones of a single cell type are found to vary during development. They are believed to play a role in gene activity and cellular metabolism.\n\nHistones are believed to be regularly arranged in the deep groove of the DNA helix. The recurring positive charges of the histones form electrostatic associations with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA making the DNA more stable and flexible. This allows for the supercoiling of the chromatin fibers.\n\nWith the exception of H1, the primary structures of the calf thymus histones have been determined. Comparisons with the structures for histones from other sources indicate that the histones rank among the most highly conserved (low mutation rate) proteins in nature. \n\nMolecular Weights of Histones:\nLysine Rich (H1, f1): ~21,500 \nSlightly Lysine Rich (H2a, f2a2): 14,004 \nSlightly Lysine Rich (H2b, f2b): 13,774 \nArginine Rich (H3, f3): 15,324 \nArginine Rich (H4, f2a1): 11,282\n\nStorage and Stability: Store lyophilized histones desiccated at 4 degrees C. Reconstitute per reconstitution instructions. Do not store reconstituted histones. Histones lose activity in solutions. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.\n\nCountry of Origin:\nUSA

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

H5110-04

Size

10mg

Form

Supplied as a white powder. Reconstitute with cold, sterile 0.9M acetic acid to ~1mg/ml. Prepare fresh solution before use.

References

US Biological application references: 1. Niikura, Y., et al., Cell Death Differ. 17: 1011-1024 (2010). 2. Goto, G.H., et al., PLoS Genet. 7: e1001282 (2011). General references: 1. Bradbury, E.M.: Histone Nomenclature in the Structure and Function of Chromatin, (Fitzsimmins, D.W., Walstenholme, G.E.W., eds., American Elsevier, New York) CIBA Foundation Symposium 28: 4 (1975). 2. Elgin, S.C.R., Weinbrauh, H.: Chromosomal Proteins and Chromatin Structure. Annual Review of Biochemistry, p.725, Annual Reviews, Palo Alto p.725 (1975). 3. Johns, E.W., Butler, J.A.V.: Further Fractionations of Histones from Calf Thymus. Biochem. J82:15 (1962).

Alternative Names

Calf thymus