Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO, Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase)

Indoleamine 2,3, dioxgenase is an ubiquitous mammalian enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative degradation of L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine. N-formylkynurenine is subsequently converted (via the kynurenine pathway) to a range of metabolites including xanthurenic acid and the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. IDO activity is induced in response to interferon gamma and requires heme as a cofactor. IDO activity in the mammalian eye results in the accumulation of xanthurenic acid in the lenses over time. The accumulation of xanthurenic acid in the lens leads to apoptosis like death in the epithelial cells of the lens and can be one of the leading causes of cataracts in the elderly. The accumulation of quinolinic acid and the corresponding depletion of tryptophan resulting from elevated IDO activity in the CNS of some AIDS patients is directly implicated in the development of AIDS-related dementia. Activation of IDO has also been linked to a range of other diseases, including polio, meningitis and sepsis. \n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilutions:\nELISA (Direct and Indirect): 1:2000-1:10,000\nWestern Blot: 1:2000-1:5000 using ECL; Suggested blocking and dilution buffer is PBST containing 0.05% Tween-20 and 5% skim milk; Suggested incubation time is 1 hour at RT.\nFlow Cytometry: 1:200-1:500\nImmunocytochemistry: 1:500\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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