TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; Apo2L;CD253; TNFSF10) is a type II transmembrane protein of about 34kD. Like most members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines TRAIL can be cleaved at the cell surface by metalloproteases to form a soluble molecule. Active TRAIL forms trimers and specifically binds to five distinct receptors: TRAIL-R1 (DR4; Apo2;CD261; TNFRSF10A), TRAIL-R2 (DR5; KILLER; TRICK2A;TRICK2B; CD262; TNFRSF10B), TRAIL-R3 (DcR1;LIT; TRID; CD263; TNFRSF10C), TRAIL-R4 (DcR2; TRUNDD; CD264; TNFRSF10D), and osteoprotegerin (OPG; OCIF; TNFRSF11B). Trimerized TRAIL triggers apoptosis upon ligation of cell surface TRAIL-R1 and/or TRAIL-R2 by inducing the formation of the so-called multiprotein death-inducing signaling complex (DISC).
Biological Activity:
Induces apoptosis at concentrations of >1ng/ml. Note: Does not require a cross-linking enhancer for its potent biological activity. Shows superior activity on human cell lines that require extensive cross-linking of TRAIL-Rs for killing (e.g. Jurkat).
Sequence:
The extracellular domain of human TRAIL (aa 95-281) is fused at the N-terminus to a His-tag and a linker peptide. The active multimeric conformation is stabilized by an inserted mutation allowing an additional CC-bridge.
Storage and Stability:
Short-term Storage: -20 degrees C
Long-term Storage: -80 degrees C
Once thawed it is recommended to prepare appropriate aliquots and to store them at -80 degrees C.
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