Dickkopf (DKK) family of proteins consist of four members Dkk-1, Dkk-2, Dkk-3 and Dkk-4 and function as secreted Wnt antagonists by inhibiting Wnt coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6. Dkks contain two cysteine-rich domains in which the positions of 10 cysteine residues are well conserved. Their expression is both temporally and spatially regulated during animal development. DKKs also bind with high affinity to transmembrane proteins Kremen1 and 2, which themselves also modulate Wnt signaling. Dkk-1 was initially identified as an inducer of head formation in Xenopus embryos and plays an important role in the regulation of bone mass. Increased levels of Dkk-1 are found in the majority of lung cancers, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and hormone-resistant breast cancers, while Dkk-1 expression is decreased in malignant melanoma and colorectal cancers.
Applications:
Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilutions:
Direct ELISA: 0.5-1ug/m. The detection limit is ~0.2ng/well.
Western Blot: 0.1-0.2ug/ml. The detection limit is ~10ng/lane under non-reducing and reducing conditions.
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
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