Estrogen Receptor (ER)

The Estrogen Receptors (ER), ERalpha and ERbeta, are members of the nuclear steroid hormone receptor family and are also found in the plasma membrane (8). Steroid hormone receptors are composed of three domains, an N-terminal domain required for maximal transactivation function (TAF), a DNA binding domain and a steroid binding domain. The DNA binding domain is separated from the steroid binding domain by a hinge region. The DNA binding domain has a high degree of homology amongst the various steroid hormone receptors, followed by the steroid binding domain. The N-terminus is the most divergent region among members of the steroid receptor family. A diagram showing the relative location of these domains is shown below: N H COOH + 1 595 2 S teroid DNA TA F h ing e H um an E strog en R e ce p to r 287 300 e p ito p e 302 180 263 Estrogen has pleiotropic effects on the growth, development and maintenance of diverse tissues (9). The ERalpha and ERbeta isoforms have similar structures, but show differences in tissue expression and can mediate overlapping but different sets of biological functions (10). ERalpha is predominantly expressed in breast, uterus, cervix, vagina, and other target organs. ERbeta has a more limited expression pattern and is primarily detected in ovary, prostate, testis, spleen, lung, hypothalamus, and thymus (12). Many other ER-interacting proteins confer distinct functionalities on the ERs, including activation and repression of transcription, integration of intracellular signalling pathways and control of cell cycle progression. The ERs function by integrating multiple signals from ligands and intracellular signalling pathways (9). ER knockout mice have been used to study the role of ERs with respect to brain degeneration, osetoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and obesity (11).\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilutions:\nWestern Blot: 1:250\nImmunoprecipitation: 15ug/ml \nOptimal dilutions to be determined by researcher.\n\n\nNote:\nFor use in immunoprecipitation, we recommend that protein A Sepharose be\nused as immunoabsorbent with a bridging rabbit anti-mouse IgG to ensure\nefficient binding of the antibody.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

E3559-02B

Size

200ug

Applications

IP, WB

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Hum, Mouse, Rat, Bov

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS pH 7.2, 0.1mM PMSF, 50% glycerol.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG1

References

1. Anzick, S.L., et al., (1997) Science 277:965-968. 2. Weigel, N.L., et al., (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6:1585-1597. 3. Hovland, A.R., et al., (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:5455-5460. 4. Kraus, W.L. and Kadonaga, J.T. (1998) Genes and Development 12:331-342. 5. GenBank Accession # M12674\n6. Rubino, D., et al. (1998) Oncogene 16:2513-2525. 7. Tikkanen, M.K., et al., (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(23):12536-12540. 8. Wyckoff, M.H. et al (2001) J Biol Chem 276(29):27071-27076. 9. Moggs, J.G.; Orphanides, G. (2001) EMBO reports 2(9): 775-781. 10. Olefsky, J.M. (2001) J Biol Chem 276(40): 36863-36864. 11. Mueller, S.O.; Korach, K.S. (2001) Curr Opin Pharmacol 1(16): 613-619.

Additional Info

SRA-1000 recognizes an epitope in the hinge region of the estrogen receptor. Binding specificity was confirmed in peptide inhibition studies with the intact protein. The antibody reacts with ER in human breast cancer cells as well as with mouse, rat and calf ER. The antibody does not recognize the native estrogen receptor in the inactive 8S oligomeric state, but reacts efficiently with the activated 4S receptor. In immunoprecipitation studies, this antibody has been shown to only IP the active receptor.