Aconitase is an iron-sulfur protein containing a [Fe4S4]2+ cluster that catalyzes the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via...
Phospholipase D hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to yield choline and phosphatidic acid (PA), which plays a role in intracellular signaling, mitogenesis in...
Autotaxin (ATX, Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase-2, ENPP-2, Lysophospholipase D) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that catalyzes the...
L-Theanine ((gamma)-glutamylethylamide, (gamma)-ethylamino-L-glutamic acid, glutamic acid (gamma)-ethyl amide, or 5-N-ethyl-glutamine) is the major amino...
Protein Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a guanidino-modifying enzyme that functions as a transcriptional coregulator catalyzing the conversion of specific...
Calcium is an essential mineral required by nearly every living organism. While bones and teeth contain nearly 99% of all calcium in the body, the remaining...
Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is a globular protein found primarily in erythrocytes that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissue where it releases oxygen and then...
D(-)-Lactate is a stereoisomer of lactate and is present in blood at only 1-5% the concentration of L(+)-lactate. Exogenous sources of D-lactate include...
L(+)-Lactate is the major stereoisomer of lactate formed in human intermediary metabolism. The lactate to pyruvate ratio reflects the redox state of the cell...
The most general indicator, and the most commonly used marker, of protein oxidation is protein carbonyl content. Redox cycling cations such as Fe2+ or Cu2+...
Glycogen is the principal storage form of glucose in animal and human cells. It is made primarily by the liver and muscles, but it can also be made by...
Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is a key intermediate in cellular metabolic pathways and is derived primarily from glucose via glycolysis. Abnormal blood pyruvate...
Creatinine is commonly measured in urine and is a key benchmark for the normalization of a variety of urinary biomarkers. Serum creatinine levels, however,...
Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group in a number of key biochemical reactions, including the TCA cycle and fatty...
SPHK 1 and SPHK 2 phosphorylate D-erythro-sphingosine to yield S1P. S1P exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities including cell proliferation,...
Ascorbate (L-Ascorbic acid or Vitamin C) is a six-carbon lactone that is synthesized from glucose in the liver of most mammalian species, but not by humans...
Lysine demethylases containing amine oxidase domains, including the lysine-specific demethylases LSD1 and LSD2, specifically demethylate histone H3 at lysine...
Lysine demethylases containing Jumonji C (JmjC) domains produce formaldehyde following 2-oxoglutarate-dependent demethylation. Cayman's Demethylase...
Jumonji Domain Containing 2D (JMJD2D) is a Jumonji C (JmjC) histone demethylase that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated lysine 9 of histone...
Jumonji Domain Containing 2A (JMJD2A) is a Jumonji C (JmjC) histone demethylase that catalyzes the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 of...